How far did educational opportunities widen in the years 1918-1945?

Question 1

P1
P2
P3

Answer 1

Improvements to secondary education

improvement’s to higher education

Limited by economic context

Question 2

P1 evidence

Answer 2

1. Fisher education act 1918
2. Trevelyan education act 1936
3. Butler Education act 1944

Question 3

What recommendations of the fisher education act implement?

Answer 3

Lewis report recommendations

Question 4

what did the lewis report recconment?

Answer 4

• School leaving age 14
• a new tier of ‘County Colleges’ to provide vocational training for school-leavers
• new two-tiered curriculum divided between ‘practical’ and ‘advanced’ instruction.

Question 5

What did the fisher education mean for central gov?

Answer 5

for funding education (not LEAs)

Question 6

Fisher education act impact on schools

Answer 6

• All tuition fees for elementary education scrapped
• free health checks for all school kids
• nursery for toddlers established
• Teachers salaries and pensions increased= improve standards

-

Question 7

What did the fisher education act mark?

Answer 7

watershed moment:

provision of education was now centrally funded

co-ordinated with the government taking full responsibility for widening access and improving standards.

Question 8

What recommendations did the trevelyan act 1936

implement?

Answer 8

Hadow Report:

Question 9

what were the recommendations of the Haddow report?

Answer 9

• leaving age 15

- central government funding to LEAs was increased to create more secondary school places.

Question 10

what did the butler education act 1944 introduce?

Answer 10

• reforms to the existing system: a ‘tripartite’ system (grammer schools, secondary moderns and tech schools)
• secondary education was now to be free and compulsory up to the age of 15.

Question 11

which act had a dramatic impact on access to secondary schooling?

Answer 11

butler act

Question 12

how many children were there in school in 1947 and 1967?

Answer 12

1947-5.5 million

1967- 9.1 million

Question 13

P2 evidence

Answer 13

1. higher education became a higher priority for the government
2. Government funding enabled more universities to be established

Question 14

in 1918 uni had been the perserve of the what

Answer 14

elite

Question 15

in what year where there a number of reforms had been

introduced which started the process of widening access and improving standards:

Answer 15

1945

Question 16

how did the government  increase applications to university from middle class and working class
students?

Answer 16

increasing LEA funding

more uni places

Question 17

how did funding for uni’s change by the 1950’s?

Answer 17

£1m to over £80m by the 1950s.

Question 18

the gov introduced what for students from lower income backgrounds?

Answer 18

bursaries

Question 19

by 1950 how had the total proportion

of university tuition paid by the student change?

Answer 19

1/3 to 1/8.

Question 20

what did the gov provide for bright working class students:?

Answer 20

fully-funded route

Question 21

what was the ’Recognised Students in Training’ scheme?

Answer 21

gave working class students grants to cover the cost of university,

teacher training after university.

Question 22

what enabled more uni’s to be established? give exmaples of unis

Answer 22

Government funding

Reading (1926),
Nottingham,
Southampton,
Exeter (1948).

Question 23

in 1918 how many uni studens were there

change in 1945

Answer 23

20,000

40,000

Question 24

P3 evidence

Answer 24

1. Economic context
2. education slipped further down the political agenda- more pressing problems of unemployment and industrial decline
3. inequalities in access to education:

Question 25

what two things diverted attention and finance from education?

Answer 25

post-war recession of the 1920s and depression of the 1930s

Question 26

whad did the fisher act 1918 introduce?

Answer 26

County Colleges (providing vocational education up to the age of eighteen)

nurseries for toddlers,

Question 27

why was the fisher act limited?

Answer 27

‘Geddes

Axe’ cut government spending. Few ‘County Colleges’ or nursery schools were actually set-up.

Question 28

who –commissioned the Hadow report 1926?

Answer 28

Ramsay MacDonald’s

Labour

Question 29

why were the recommendation of the Hadow report not implemted?

Answer 29

due to the cost.

Question 30

economic pressures prevented …

Answer 30

significant

reform.

Question 31

why did education slip down the political agenda?

Answer 31

pressing problems of unemployment and industrial decline.

Question 32

why were Ramsay MacDonald’s second government unable to introduce significant educational
reform.?

Answer 32

C.P Trevelyan, attempted to introduce three education bills, yet all
were blocked by the Conservatives in the Commons and the Lords on the grounds of cost.

Question 33

when was the Trevelyan Education Act and why did it fail?

Answer 33

1936

comproise

forced to return control
of educational funding to the LEAs:

Question 34

secondary

schools remained the preserved of the

Answer 34

mc

Question 35

what % went to secondary school

Answer 35

20%

Question 36

how many went to uni?

Answer 36

1 in 100