inadequacy of welfare provision in the interwar years the main reason for ws 20m

Question 1

P1
P2
P3

Answer 1

P1-

P1- YES - Inadequacy of welfare provision 1939

P2- NO- Impact of ww2

P3-NO -Impact of ww2 on ideology

Question 2

P1 evidenceS

Answer 2

1- Gov limited by economic context

2- Persuaded population and politicians that welfare reforms needed

Question 3

When was the wall street crash and what was it triggered by?

Answer 3

1929

Great depression

Question 4

wall street crash caused what?

Answer 4

Unprecedented levels of unemployment 3 million unemployed in the early 1930’s

Question 5

What act caused the introduction of the means test?

Answer 5

National economy act 1931

Question 6

P1 evidence 1

Answer 6

The government were moving towards the creation of a welfare state but were limited by the economic context

• Wall street crash 1929 triggered a great depression ➞ unprecedented levels of unemployment 3 million unemployed in the early 1930’s
  
  • National Economy act 1931➞ Bad➞ Introduced the means test

Disqualified seasons or short time workers by the end of 1931

400,000 claimants had been rejected

Public assistant committee’s

Seeking work test

Question 7

P1 Evidence 2

Answer 7

The limitations of the welfare introduced persuaded both the population and the politicians that welfare and reforms needed to go further

- Housing and towns Planning acts 1919 fell short of the 600,000 goal and only built 213,000 ➞ the housing act 1923 and 24 tried to address the shortfall 
- Pensions Act 1908 did not cover widows and children of the dead and therefore was insufficient. In response the 1925 Pension act was introduced. It covered those previously excluded.

Question 8

What act meant that local authorities used local funds to meet housing needs?

Answer 8

Housing and Towns Planning act 1919

Question 9

How many houses di the towns planning acts 1919 fall short of?

Answer 9

only bulit 213,000 and not 600,000

Question 10

what did the housing acts 1923 and 24 aim to do?

Answer 10

address the shortfall housing

use gov subsidies

Question 11

In 1923 how many homes was the uk short of?

Answer 11

822,000

Question 12

What was the pensions act of 1908 and who did it not cover?

Answer 12

State pensions

Popular with eligible over 70’s who lived in uk over 20 years

did not cover widows or children of the dead

= insufficient

Question 13

what was made in response to the failed pensions act 1908?

Answer 13

1925 Pension act was introduced. It covered those previously excluded.

Question 14

How many shilling were given due to pensions act 1925?

Answer 14

10 shillings per week for 65-70 year olds and orphans and widows

Question 15

what did the hardship that welfare provision fail to solve lead to?

Answer 15

create a consensus that it was the governments duty to provide for those in need

Question 16

what did the slow progression of reforms show?

Answer 16

evidence that the inadequacy of provision lay the foundations for the welfare state

Question 17

P2 3 evidences

Answer 17

Shifting attitudes- Universalism/ collectivism

Media

Increased government intervention during the war e.g. Emergency powers act

Question 18

what did the total war lead to?

Answer 18

changed zeitgeist

Question 19

what had made the affluent start to understand the levels of poverty in society?

Answer 19

Communal Bomb shelters and evacuation

Question 20

what was revealed to Brtiain due to the wa
r?

what did this lead to?

Answer 20

Black spots

Growth of universal and collectivist ideas

Question 21

what did the growth of universal and collectivist ideas result in?

Answer 21

greater acceptance of comprehensive welfare system

that everyone contributed to in order to promote greater equality in society and to help those most in need

Question 22

what did Times and Daily Mirror do to the governement?

Answer 22

Pressure

Question 23

What did the media present to the public ?

Answer 23

Propaganda that promoted key ideals behind the creation of the ws

Promoted democracy

Right to work does not involve social or economic privilege

Question 24

What did the media state about the economic reconstruction and what it needed?

Answer 24

equal distribution of wealth ‘you cannot preserve privilege’

Question 25

who increased the publics desire for welfare reforms?

Answer 25

media

Question 26

P3 2 evidences

Answer 26

War time coalition

1945 public opinion-

Question 27

Coalition between…

Answer 27

Labour and conservatives

Question 28

what did the coalition promote?

Answer 28

consensus

Question 29

what were the white papers and what did it it cement?

Answer 29

The white paper, A national health service, published in 1944, detailed the wartime coalition government’s vision for a comprehensive, free and unified health service. The rationale for reform was the government’s belief that healthcare should be made available to all, though a publicly organised service.

harmonious outlook

Question 30

what act convinced the conservatives?

Answer 30

social insurance act 1944 which helped to promote the conservative acceptance of the National insurance act of 1946(compulsory contributions for unemployment, sickness, maternity and widows’ benefits and old age pensions from employers and employees, with the government funding the balance)

Question 31

Labour were able to promote what to the conservatives?

Answer 31

welfare

Question 32

the success of what increased political and popular belief in the potential of state intervention to improve peoples’ lives after the war

Answer 32

The success of state directed war economy

Question 33

How many years of bombing experienced
?

what did this lead to?

Answer 33

6 years

general feeling that Britain needed effective post war social economic reconstruction

Question 34

what were the Beveridge reports 5 wants?

Answer 34

want, idleness, ignorance , disease and squalor

Question 35

the gov were motivated to do what?

Answer 35

to take responsibility for caring for the public from cradle to grave