How far do you agree that women made significant progress towards equality in the 1960s and 1970s? Explain your answer.

Question 1

P1:

Answer 1

YES - Social status

Women made substantial progress towards social equality in the 1960s and 1970s; women received greater control over their reproduction, more equal treatment within marriage and as a result of increased activism among women, greater protection from domestic violence.

Question 2

P2:

Answer 2

NO-Political

• limited progress towards political equality;

-political environment remained hostile to women
= the prejudices that still remained in society,

• women continued to be underrepresented in parliament
• gender equality remained low on the political agenda

Question 3

P3:

Answer 3

ECONOMIC

Women made limited progress towards economic equality in the 1960’s and 1970’s legeslation introduced to tackle gender inequality failed to resilit in de facto change meaning women continued to receive unequal pay and experienced a glass ceiling in the certain skilled progress

Question 4

2 evidences for P1

Answer 4

1- Birth control and abortion (the pill 1961)

2, Marriages become more partnership

3-domestic violence

Question 5

2 evidences for p2

Answer 5

Underepresntation in parliament

Femlae MP’S second class

Unions remained hostile

Question 6

2 evidence’s economic

Answer 6

1- Pay inequality remained

2- A glass ceiling remained in some professions

Question 7

When was the pill introduced?

Answer 7

1961

Question 8

Within a decade how many women were using the pill

Answer 8

1 million

Question 9

By the end of the 1920’a how did the number of children being born change?

Answer 9

more women were having fewer children and having their first children later.

Question 10

In 1971 what % of women had their first children by the age of 25 and how did this figure change?

Answer 10

47%

25% by the end of the century.

Question 11

When was abortion decriminalised ?

Answer 11

1968

Question 12

Social researchers in the 1960s showed that families had become …

Answer 12

less patriarchiacal

Question 13

Married couples shared what more equally

Answer 13

house work

Question 14

women were given more opportunities to pursue…

Answer 14

careers marriage and children were no longer a significant barrier – the same as men!)

Question 15

women were able to enjoy sex without fear of …

Answer 15

unwanted pregnancy

Question 16

less patrichaical marriages saw the more ….

Answer 16

equal distribution of domestic tasks

Question 17

Women could choose to focus on…

Answer 17

careers and education, which resulted in more skilled women entering the workforce.

Question 18

the % of female MP’S never rose above what %

Answer 18

5%

Question 19

how many female MP’S rn in the election and how many of them were elected to parliament?

Answer 19

216

19

Question 20

Thatcher failed twice to receive ….

Answer 20

selection in Dartford before being selected in Finchley in 1959

Question 21

the underrespresentation of women showed that what still existed?

Answer 21

Prejudice and gender bias still existed

• the attitudes of the electorate were slow to change.
• saw politics as the domain of men.+ —-
• Recurring theme of discrimination and traditional values
• Gender equality in parliament was not achieved

Question 22

Female MP’s were treated as…

Answer 22

second class MP’s

Question 23

What did Female MP’S have to be to be taken more seriously?

Answer 23

-Had to become more well rounded in order to be taken seriously

Question 24

Female mp’s treated 2nd class meant lack of…

Answer 24

strong advocates of womens issues

Question 25

progress that was made in terms of legislations that helped women was as a result of what?

Answer 25

extra parliamentary pressure e.g. WLM

Question 26

what was women’s issues like on the political agenda? and what impact did this have on equality?

Answer 26

slipped down the political agenda

slowing the progress women could have made towards equality through gov legislation

Question 27

The existence of activists groups such as WLM demonstrates …

Answer 27

the vacuum of political leadership on a female issues

Question 28

Unions attitude to women

Answer 28

hostile

Question 29

unions were dominated by …

Answer 29

male bosses

Question 30

when was the 1st female TUC appointed

Answer 30

2012

Question 31

The political atmosphere was very what to women and what did it fail to do?

Answer 31

Hostile

promote and address women’s issues

=hinder progress to equality

Question 32

What was the Equal pay act 1970

Answer 32

prohibited less favourable pay or conditions for women

significant milestone on the road to economic equality

Question 33

Failure of equal pay act

Answer 33

women still faced unequal pay to men

Question 34

in the 1960’s women were paid roughly what

% of what a man would be paid for the same job?

Answer 34

40%

Question 35

in 1979 women were only paid on average what % of a mans wage

Answer 35

65%

Question 36

gov legelsation laid the founda5ion for what but what was the outcome

Answer 36

• economic progress however it failed to overturn prejudice towards women prevalent in society

Question 37

pay inequality

Answer 37

remained

Question 38

what jobs made up the majority of female employment in the 1960’s?

Answer 38

unskilled and semi skilled jobs

Question 39

in 1965 what

% of women were in the unskilled employment

Answer 39

60%

Question 40

what % married women left work once they were married?

Answer 40

50%

Question 41

women continued to experince glass ceiling in skilled professions despite what two acts

Answer 41

sex discriminaation acts of 1975

euqal opportunities commission of 1975

Question 42

de facto change was …

Answer 42

limited

Question 43

P1

Answer 43

substantial progress towards

social equality in the 1960s and 1970s;

1. greater control over their reproduction, 2. equal treatment within marriage

E: Birth control and abortion
The pill = 1961.

Within a decade= 1 million using it

end of the 1920s more women = having fewer children + having their first children later.

-1971, 47% of women had their first children by the age of 25
a figure that fell to 25% by the end of the century.

Abortion was decriminalized in 1968 with 149, 476 taking place per year by 1979.

A: Symbolic of social progress towards equality.

women sexual freedom

enjoy sex without having to fear an unwanted pregnancy (the same privilege men had).
choose to focus on careers and education, = resulted in more skilled women entering the workforce.

E: Marriages = more of a partnership

Social researchers in the 1960s =families less patriarchal.

Married couples shared housework more equally.

This partnership marriage was different from traditional ideas about general roles in the house.

A: women had made substantial progress towards gender equality.

Less patriarchal marriages saw the more equal distribution of domestic tasks.

Women were given more opportunities to pursue careers (marriage and children were no longer a significant barrier – the same as men!)

Question 44

P2

Answer 44

Point: limited progress towards political equality

; political environment hostile to women =the prejudices in society,

2.- meaning women continued to be underrepresented in parliament
+gender equality remained low on the political agenda

E : Underrepresentation in parliament = % of female MP’s never rose above 5%

216 female MP’s ran in the election, only 19 were elected to parliament,

Thatcher failed twice to receive selection in Dartford before being selected in Finchley in 1959

-Prejudice + gender bias still existed;
attitudes of the electorate = slow to change.
saw politics as the domain of men.

Recurring theme of discrimination and traditional values

-Gender equality in parliament was not achieved

A:-Prejudice and gender bias still existed; the attitudes of the electorate were slow to change. Many still saw politics as the domain of men.+ Recurring theme of discrimination and traditional values
-Gender equality in parliament was not achieved

E: Female MP’s were treated as second class MP’s

• Had to become more well rounded in order to be taken seriously
• Therefore did not become strong advocates of women’s issues
• Progress that was made in terms of legislation that helped women was as a result of extra-parliamentary pressure e.g. WLM

A:Womens issues slipped down the political agenda slowing the progress women could have made towards equality through gov legislation
-The existence of activist groups such as the WLM demonstrates the vacuum of political leadership on a female issues

Question 45

P3

Answer 45

Point: Women limited progress = economic equality in the 1960’s and 1970’s

legeslation to tackle gender inequality failed to result in de facto change =

women continued receive unequal pay

+experienced a glass ceiling in the certain skilled progress

E: Pay inequality remained

• equal pay act of 1970 women still faced unequal pay to men
• 1960’S women paid 40% of what a man would be paid for the same job
• 1979 women were only paid on average 65% of a man’s wage +

those in poorly skilled employment experienced as little as 60% of a man’s wage in some industries

A:Gov legislation laid the foundation for economic progress however it failed to overturn prejudice towards women prevalent in society
-Pay inequality remained

E: A glass ceiling remned in some professions
-Unskilled and semi-skilled jobs made up the majority of female employment in the 1960’s

-1965 60% of women were in the unskilled employment

• removal of the marriage bar in some industries,
  = approcimlty 50% of all married women left work once they were married

-Despite the sex discriminaation acts of 1975 + equal opportunities commission of 1975
=women continued to experience a glass ceiling in certain skilled professions

A:-Despite dejure change that aimed to eradicate discrimination, de facto change was limited
-Women did not see equality in terms of access to employment especially within the skilled professions