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HISTORY UNIT 1 > 3.2- How accurate is it to say that Britain was a 'Liberal society' in 1979? > Flashcards

3.2- How accurate is it to say that Britain was a 'Liberal society' in 1979? Flashcards

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1
Q

P1: YES

A

Landmark government legislation ( removal of censorship )

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2
Q

P2: YES

A

Changing attitudes and the ‘Sexual revolution’?

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3
Q

P3:NO

A

The majority did not experience change

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4
Q

3 key evidence for Landmark government legislation ( removal of censorship )

A
  1. Obscene publications act 1959
  2. Sexual offences act 1967
  3. 1967 Abortion Act 19667
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5
Q

3 key pieces of evidence for changing attitudes and ‘sexual revolution

A
  1. Increasing post-war secularisation - WW2 - divorces 1947
  2. Postwar literature- Alfred Kinsley and Alex comfort
  3. Family planning act 1974
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6
Q

3 key pieces of evidence for the majority did not experience change

A
  1. Regional differences
  2. The sexual Behavior of young people 1969-71
  3. Homosexuality attitudes limited change
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7
Q

what did the obscene publications act to relax and what did it allow

A

censorship

obscene material in literature and art in cases of ‘literary or artistic merit’

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8
Q

What act removed the antiquated system of theatre/censorship that had been in place since the licensing act of 1737

A

Theartes act 1968

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9
Q

What was the sexual offences act 1967?

A

Wolfden report 1957 recommended decriminalisation of homosexuality as it was not ‘civilised for the state to regulate private life
Homosexual law reform in favour of report - Leo Abse decriminalised it between two men over 21

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10
Q

Who introduced the Abortion Act?

A

David steel

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11
Q

What was the abortion ct

A

Abortion legal in the UK up to 28 weeks gestation.

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12
Q

what did Steel argue about abortions?

A

Introduced not for ethical considerations but because of practical realities of the time

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13
Q

In 1966 alone how many deaths and serious injuries were due to backstreet abortions

A

40

100,000

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14
Q

WW2 impact on traditional attitudes and why

A

undermined

Husbands and wives separated

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15
Q

What did the separation of husbands and wives increase?

A

increase sex outside of marriage

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16
Q

hOW DID marriages cope under war and what did this lead to

A

struggled

the surge in divorces 1947

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17
Q

What did Arthur Marwick argue that causes the more permissive society?

A

increasing post-war secularisation help break down traditional values
= more progressive society

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18
Q

What did post-war literature help promote?

A

Open attitudes towards sex and sexuality

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19
Q

What book did Alfred Kinsey write? and what was its impact

A

Sexual Behavior in Human female 1953

undermine moral condemnation of sex before marriage

Break taboo surrounding discussion of sex

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20
Q

How many interviews was Alfred Kinsey’s book?

A

over 6000 interviews with women

21
Q

What was the family planning act 1974?

A

entitles all women to free family planning advice including free oral contraception - on the NHS, regardless of marital status

22
Q

How did the avilaiblity of contrcaeption change in 1970s’? and what did this cause?

A

Increases

Prompted growth in sexual activity

= decline in the importance of marriage as traditional attitudes about the ‘sanctity of marriage’ decline

23
Q

what did researchers Michael Schofield and Goer suggest about the sexual revolution of the ’60s?

A

Hugely exaggerated and misleading

24
Q

What was Schoflieds study? and what did it suggest

A

Sexual behavior of young people 1969-71

While promiscuity did exist among teens it was the minority

those engaged before the age of 20 were in stable, established relationships

25
Q

What was Goer’s study? and what did it suggest?

A

‘Sex and Marriage in England Today’ 1971

majority conservative views and sex, homosexual, contraception

26
Q

Which areas were most likely to receive social change?

A

London and southeast

27
Q

Much of the liberal legislation was deep.,

A

unpopular in parliament and public and was not a true representative

28
Q

Many still consider what as immoral and unethical

A

Abortion

29
Q

Abortion required two what

A

two male doctors= male power

30
Q

what % of the population disagreed with homosexuality

A

85%

31
Q

what % of the population believed homosexuality should be a criminal offence

A

50%

32
Q

Homosexuality only legally acceptable where

A

private - arrests for soliciting trebled between 1967 and 79

Police still hostile to immoral behavior

33
Q

Abortion act 1967 huge victory for who

A

Women’s rights groups

liberal campaigners

34
Q

How many legal abortions in 1967 and 1980?

A

1967- 27,000

1980- 140,000

35
Q

what % of the population in favour of women’s right to an abortion?

A

70

36
Q

How many births outside of marriage in 1950 and 1980

A

1950- 5%

1980- 12.8%

37
Q

P’s- for to what extent was the liberal legislation of the ’60s the main reason for the rise of a more permissive society?

A
  1. Landmark gov legislation - YES
  2. sexual revolution - NO
  3. Rise in tabloid journalism and sex scandles- NO
38
Q

Before ww2 the how often did the press report the private lives of the political elite and establishment

A

rarely

39
Q

3 key evidences for p3 ( EP2)

A
  1. Purfumo affair 1963

2. role of media

40
Q

what was the perfumo affair?

A

unprecendent sex scandal

that engulfed the establishment

shocking

Profumo minister of war sharing 19-year-old sexual partner, Christine Keeler with members of the soviet embassy ., Yevgeny Ivanov

On front pages of the mirror, news of the world and daily express

Profumo lied and forced to resign

41
Q

significance of purfumo scandal

A
  1. Decline of deference in British society
42
Q

Why were the public shocked over the purfumo scandla?

A
  • Members of the establishment had engaged in such seedy behavior
  • repeated denials of any involvement
43
Q

What did the purfumo scandal mark?

A

watershed in the relationship between the establishment and the press

44
Q

what did the purfumo scandal fuel?

A

tabloid media popularity- who hunt down scandals

public interst in sex and gossip

45
Q

what played a major role in the dissemination of new ideas and attitudes towards sex and proper behavior?

A

Media

46
Q

what captured large audiences?

A

Tabloid press who spoke about sex

‘sex sells’

47
Q

in the 1960s and 70’s, what did advertisers use to attract attention to sell their goods?

A
  1. sexually suggestive content
48
Q

What did the sexualization of the media naturally contribute to?

A

relaxed attitudes about what was socially acceptable

de- sensitise the public to sexually suggestive material

HISTORY UNIT 1 (14 decks)

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