TNM staging Flashcards
What does the T stand for?
Tumour size or direct extent of the primary tumour
what are the T stages?
Tx
Tis
T0
T1, 2, 3, 4
Tx
tumour cannot be evaluated
Tis
carcinoma in situ
T0
no signs of tumour
T1
spread within an organ
T2
spread within an organ
T3
spread to surface of the organ and related structures
T4
involves spread to other adjacent structures or organs
T1-4 in general
size and/or extension of the primary tumour
what does N refer to?
degree of spread to regional lymph nodes
what are the N stages?
Nx N0 N1 N2 N3
Nx
lymph nodes cannot be evaluated
N0
tumour cells are absent from regional lymph nodes
N1
regional lymph node metastasis is present - some sites tumour spread to closest or small number of regional lymph nodes
N2
tumour spread to an extent between N1 and N3 - N2 not used for staging at some sites
N3
tumour spread to more distant or numerous regional lymph nodes - not used for staging at some sites
what does M mean?
presence of metastasis
what are the M stages?
Mx
M0
M1
Mx
distant metastasis cannot be evaluated
M1
metastasis to distant organs - beyond regional lymph nodes
M0
no distant metastasis
