TMJ Flashcards
What is TMJ?
Temporomandibular Joint
Where is the TMJ located?
Anterior to ear and the posterior, superior end of the jaw
What kind of joint is the TMJ?
Hinge Like Joint (has gliding motion)
What bones are involved in the TMJ?
Mandible, Temporal Bone, Disk
What motions happen at the TMJ?
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, lateral deviation
What are the primary muscles of the TMJ?
Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
What motions occur at the Temporalis?
Bilateral elevation, bilateral retraction, same side unilateral deviation
What motions occur at the masseter?
Bilateral elevation, same side unilateral deviation
what motions occur at the medial pterygoid
bilateral elevation, bilateral protraction, opposite side lateral deviation
What motions occur at the lateral pterygoid
bilateral protraction, bilateral depression, opposite side lateral deviation
What are some other muscles involved in the TMJ? (not primary)
suprahyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohoid, digastric, infrahyoid, sternohyoid, sternothroid, throhyoid, omohyoid
What is the innervation of TMJ
Cranial Nerves 5,7, and 12
What bones are on the head and face?
frontal[pg199,200], parietal[pg199,200], temporal (mastoid process)[pg99,200], sphenoid[pg199,200], occipital[pg199,200], nasal[pg199,200], zygomatic[pg200], maxilla[pg199,200], mandible[pg199,200], temporomandibular joint[pg202], foramen magnum[pg213]
What bones are all included in the thorax
ribs (pg236), costovertebral joints (pg236), Thoracic Vertebrae (pg212), Sternum(pg117)
What movements occur at the Thorax
gliding/rotating, UP(elevation) and Out with inspiration, DOWN (depression) and in with expiration
What are two ways to change thoracic volume?
Move the ribs and lower the diaphragm
What are the three muscles of Respiration?
Diaphragm, External Intercostals, Internal Intercostals
What is the action of the Diaphragm during respiration?
Inspiration
What is the action of the External Intercostals during respiration?
Elevate ribs
What is the action of the Internal Intercostals?
Depressing the ribs
What are the deep inspiration muscles? (part of the accessory inspiratory muscles)
Sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, scalenes, levator costarum, serratus posterior superior
What are the forced inspiration muscles?( part of the accessory inspiratory muscles)
Reversal muscle action of levator scapula, upper trapezius, rhomboids, pectoralis minor
What are the forced expiration muscles? (part of the accessory expiratory muscles)
Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis superior, quadratus lumborum, serratus posterior inferior
What phases of respiration are there in inspiration?
Quiet inspiration, deep inspiration, forced inspiration
What muscles are working in quiet inspiration
diaphragm, external intercostals
What muscles are working in deep inspiration
diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis major, levator costarum, serratus posterior superior
What muscles are working in forced inspiration
diaphragm, external intercostals stenorcleidomastiod, scalenes, pectoralis major, levator costarum, serratus posteror superior, levator scapula, upper trapezius, rhombids, pectoralis minor
What phases of expiration are there
quiet expiration, forced expiration
what muscles work in quiet expiration
relaxation of diaphragm, external intercostals, elastic recoil of thoracic wall, lungs, and bronchi, gravity
what muscles work in forced expiration
internal intercostals, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, quadratus lumborum, transverse abdominis, serratus posterior inferior
What is the bony components housing the spinal cord
spinal column
What are the bones in the neck and trunk
occipital bone, foramen magnum, cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum vertebrae, coccyx vertebrae
What type of joint is the intervertebral joints
facet joints, triaxial
What ligaments are in the neck and trunk
anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal, supraspinal, interspinal, ligamentum flavum
What are the motions of the neck and trunk
flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion(bending), rotation, cervical only (retraction and protraction)
How many bones are there in the spinal column
33
How many curves are there in the spinal column ad what are their names?
4, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
What is the shape of the cervical curve
anterior (convex)
what is the shape of the thoracic curve
posterior (concave)
What is the shape of the lumbar curve
anterior (convex)
What is the shape of the sacral curve
posterior (concave)
What is the abnormal increase in throacic curve
kyphosis
what is an abnormal increase in lumbar curve
lordosis
what is an excessive lateral curve usually in thoracic region
scoliosis
what is the purpose of the curves in the spinal column
provide strength/stability approx. 10x more than straight rod and keeps center of gravity
What is the functions of the spinal column
- maintain body in upright posture 2. protect spinal cord 3. provides pivot point for motion while supporting head
How many cervical vertebrae are there
7, smallest of vertebrae
why does the spinous process have a bifid split
attachment of all the muscles which provide neck movement
what is the foramen in each transverse process for
holding blood vessels
How many thoracic vertebrae are there
12, longer and more vertical
What are the facets on the thoracic vertebra for
12 pairs of ribs to articulate
How many Lumbar vertebrae are there
- largest, thick spinous processes
How many sacral vertebrae are there
5 (fused), fused during growth process
