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OTA 1050 > ankle and foot > Flashcards

ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of ankle and foot

A

shock absorbers, adapt to level/ unevenness of ground, provide stable base of support

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2
Q

what is the only true weight bearing bone of the lower leg with landmarks of crest, medial malleolus

A

tibia

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3
Q

what are parts of the fibula

A

head, and lateral malleolus

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4
Q

what is the parts of the hindfoot

A

talus, calcaneus

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5
Q

what are the parts of the midfoot

A

navicular, cuboid, cuniform/ provide stability and mobility

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6
Q

name the parts of the forefoot

A

metatarsals, phalanges/ weight bearing occurs at the third and fifth metatarsals

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7
Q

what is the talocrural or talotibial/ consists of the distal tibia whcih sits on the talus and the lateral malleolus of the fibula

A

true joint

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8
Q

describe the other joints

A

not true joints but do assist in function of ankle/ superior and inferior tibiofibular joint (distal end of radius and ulna)

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9
Q

what motion does the subtalar allow

A

inversion/eversion

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10
Q

what motion does the transverse tarsal allow

A

inversion/eversion

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11
Q

what motion occurs at the MTP/PIP/IP/DIP

A

flexion/extension

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12
Q

what is the movement towards the superior surface

A

plantar flexion

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13
Q

what is the movement towards dorsal surface

A

dorsiflexion

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14
Q

what is the movement of rolling the feet in

A

inversion

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15
Q

what is the movement of rolling the feet out

A

eversion

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16
Q

abduction/adduction

A

difficult to purely isolate this movement , really occurs with a combination of movements below

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17
Q

combination of inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion

A

supination

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18
Q

combination of eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion

A

pronation

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19
Q

what is the movements of the MTP joint

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction

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20
Q

what are the movements of the PIP/DIP joints of the foot

A

flexion, extension

21
Q

what is the medial border of foot, talus at top and considered the keystone because it receives the weight, never flattens or touches the ground though will depress with WB and recoil

A

medial longitudinal arch

22
Q

what is the lateral border of the foot, rests on ground during WB

A

lateral longitudinal arch

23
Q

through cuneiforms to cuboid with second cuneiform as keystone

A

transverse arch

24
Q

describe the medial collateral ligaments

A

deltoid ligament strengthens medial side, holds calcaneus and navicular against the talus, helps maintain medial longitudual arch

25
Q

describe the lateral collateral ligaments

A

3 parts connect the lateral malleolus to the talus and calcaneus, lateral ankle sprains most common which may be attributed to the Mechanism of injury and the weakness of the anterior talofibular, will not need to know the individual ligaments

26
Q

what four groups does the extrinsic muscles consist of

A

superficial posterior, deep posterior, anterior, and lateral

27
Q

abnormally high arch

A

pes cavus

28
Q

abonormally low arch

A

pes planus

29
Q

great to develop valgus deformity/ distal end pointed laterally

A

hallus valgus

30
Q

degeneration of the 1st MTP joint of great toe with pain

A

hallus rigidus

31
Q

PIP flexion/ DIP extension

A

hammertoe

32
Q

PIP extension/ DIP flexion

A

mallet toe

33
Q

PIP flexion/ DIP flexion

A

claw toe

34
Q

pain around the matatarsal heads, pain feels like pebbles under their feet or walking on bruises and worsens with activity

A

metatarsalgia

35
Q

abnormal pressure on plantar digital nerves causes them to ball up, symptoms: pain and numbness in toes, most common in web space of 3rd and 4th metatarsals

A

morton’s neuroma

36
Q

most common injury among recreation and competitive athletes, most common ligament involved is lateral ligament, most common injury if foot landing in plantar flexion,

A

ankle sprains

37
Q

what are the grades of sprains

A

one, two, and three

38
Q

treatment of ankle sprain

A

elevate, tape, brace, rest, ice

39
Q

lateral malleolus is most often involved, usually results from a twisting motion of ankle

A

ankle fracture

40
Q

common overuse injury resulting in pain in the heel, plantar fascia acts as a shock absorber at heel, it becomes irritated at the calcaneus

A

plantar fascitits

41
Q

inflammation of gastrocnemius-soleus tendon

A

achilles tendonitits

42
Q

rubture of the gastrocnemius-soleus tendon

A

ruptured achilles tendon

43
Q

joint disease with deposits of uric acid and urate crystals in joint that causes acute inflammation response. common in men over 40

A

gout

44
Q

etiology of gout

A

hyperuricemia develops if renal excretion is not adequate or if metablic abnormality occurs

45
Q

typical course of gout

A

uric acid is a waste product of purine metabolism normally excreted through kidneys, is deposited in joint, damages articular surface of joint

46
Q

Signs and Symptoms of gout

A

severe pain, swelling, single joint, redness

47
Q

medical procedures, diagnostic/treatment

A

Dx: blood test, examine synovial fluid; Tx: diet changes, increase fluids, meds, pain relief and inflammation

48
Q

Formation of white bumpy hard things that build up in one section, common in ears and forearms

A

tophus

OTA 1050 (6 decks)

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