knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is the knee joint supported by?

A

entirely by muscles, ligaments, no bony stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: the knee is the most complex and frequently injured joint of the body

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what kind of joint is the knee joint

A

largest, diarthrodial/synovial modified hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is there rotation in the knee

A

yes as an accessory motion because the femoral medial condyle is longer than that of the lateral condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many bursa are located in the knee

A

13 to reduce friction of the tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the popliteal space

A

area behind the knee, contains nerves and blood vessels, bordered by hamstrings and gastrocnemius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all cross knee together posteriorly and medially and join together to insert on the anterior medial surface of the proximal tibia

A

creates the pes anserine (goose foot) muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what bones create the knee

A

femur, tibia, patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what motions are at the knee

A

extension, hyperextension, flexion, small amount of rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the screw hole mechanism

A

when pop knee straight, bone on bone holding you up no longer the muscles holding you up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ligaments in the knee

A

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, medial and lateral meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MCL

A

medial collateral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LCL

A

lateral collateral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the medial and lateral meniscus

A

2 half moon wedge shaped fibrocartilage disks on the superior surface of the tibia designed to absorb shock. Thicker laterally and proximal surfaces are concave- deepen the relatively flat joint surfaces

17
Q

what is the patellofemoral joint

A

femur and patella

18
Q

what is the kneecap

A

largest sesamoid bone in body-embedded in quadriceps femoris

19
Q

whats the patellas purpose

A

to increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle and to protect the knee joint, increases the movement arm of the quadriceps increasing the angular force

20
Q

what is the Q angle or patellofemoral angle

A

the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. about 13-19 degrees and tends to be greater in females

21
Q

what is the tibiofibular joint

A

tibia and fibula, plane joint

22
Q

what is genu valgum

A

knock knees, lower leg is more lateral than normal

23
Q

bow legs, lower leg is more medially than normal

A

genu varum

24
Q

back knees knees, hyperextension of knees

A

genu recuvatum

25
jumpers knee, tenderness at patellar tendon, usually results from overuse stress or sudden impact overlanding
patellar tendonitis
26
overuse of quadriceps muscle causing tendon inflammation at tibial tuberosity epiphysis
osgood-schlatters disease
27
popliteal cyst, synovial hernia or bursitis at the posterior knee
bakers cyst
28
diffuse anterior knee pain, may be secondary issue which is compromising the patients structure and their alignment such as Q angle, patella alta, quads weakness or tightness, and if the foot is pronated excessively
patellofemoral pain syndrome
29
softening and degeneration of the cartilage at the posterior aspect of the patella, posterior patella knee pain, grind test
chondromalacia patella
30
housemaid's knee, constant pressure between patella and skin as direct force or sheering force
prepatellar bursitis
31
knee injury involving tears of anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus from a single blow to the knee
terrible triad
32
what/where is the active insufficiency in the knee
hamstrings are a 2 joint muscle; they flex the knee and extend the hip. occurs to the agonist which is the hamstring muscles
33
what is the etiology of a Total knee replacement
overuse, wear and tear, arthritis, obesity
34
What is the typical course of TKR
immediate post op- pain meds and early mobilization to strengthen and prevent loss of ROM. out of bed for activities 1-3 days post op. rehab for bed mobility, knee flexion to 90 degrees and knee extension/ambulation with assistive devices
35
what precautions should be watched with a TKR
no rotation/ twisting of the knee, no kneeling, some surgical procedures will limit full flexion, avoid pillows under knee in bed, encourage resting both feet squarely on floor when sitting, wear immobilizer per MD orders. return to normal activities in 3-6 weeks post op. driving 4-6 weeks post op