knee

Question 1

What is the knee joint supported by?

Answer 1

entirely by muscles, ligaments, no bony stability

Question 2

True or False: the knee is the most complex and frequently injured joint of the body

Answer 2

True

Question 3

what kind of joint is the knee joint

Answer 3

largest, diarthrodial/synovial modified hinge joint

Question 4

is there rotation in the knee

Answer 4

yes as an accessory motion because the femoral medial condyle is longer than that of the lateral condyle

Question 5

how many bursa are located in the knee

Answer 5

13 to reduce friction of the tendons

Question 6

what is the popliteal space

Answer 6

area behind the knee, contains nerves and blood vessels, bordered by hamstrings and gastrocnemius

Question 7

what does the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all cross knee together posteriorly and medially and join together to insert on the anterior medial surface of the proximal tibia

Answer 7

creates the pes anserine (goose foot) muscle

Question 8

what bones create the knee

Answer 8

femur, tibia, patella

Question 9

what motions are at the knee

Answer 9

extension, hyperextension, flexion, small amount of rotation

Question 10

what is the screw hole mechanism

Answer 10

when pop knee straight, bone on bone holding you up no longer the muscles holding you up

Question 11

What are the ligaments in the knee

Answer 11

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, medial and lateral meniscus

Question 12

ACL

Answer 12

anterior cruciate ligament

Question 13

PCL

Answer 13

posterior cruciate ligament

Question 14

MCL

Answer 14

medial collateral ligament

Question 15

LCL

Answer 15

lateral collateral ligament

Question 16

Describe the medial and lateral meniscus

Answer 16

2 half moon wedge shaped fibrocartilage disks on the superior surface of the tibia designed to absorb shock. Thicker laterally and proximal surfaces are concave- deepen the relatively flat joint surfaces

Question 17

what is the patellofemoral joint

Answer 17

femur and patella

Question 18

what is the kneecap

Answer 18

largest sesamoid bone in body-embedded in quadriceps femoris

Question 19

whats the patellas purpose

Answer 19

to increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle and to protect the knee joint, increases the movement arm of the quadriceps increasing the angular force

Question 20

what is the Q angle or patellofemoral angle

Answer 20

the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. about 13-19 degrees and tends to be greater in females

Question 21

what is the tibiofibular joint

Answer 21

tibia and fibula, plane joint

Question 22

what is genu valgum

Answer 22

knock knees, lower leg is more lateral than normal

Question 23

bow legs, lower leg is more medially than normal

Answer 23

genu varum

Question 24

back knees knees, hyperextension of knees

Answer 24

genu recuvatum

Question 25

jumpers knee, tenderness at patellar tendon, usually results from overuse stress or sudden impact overlanding

Answer 25

patellar tendonitis

Question 26

overuse of quadriceps muscle causing tendon inflammation at tibial tuberosity epiphysis

Answer 26

osgood-schlatters disease

Question 27

popliteal cyst, synovial hernia or bursitis at the posterior knee

Answer 27

bakers cyst

Question 28

diffuse anterior knee pain, may be secondary issue which is compromising the patients structure and their alignment such as Q angle, patella alta, quads weakness or tightness, and if the foot is pronated excessively

Answer 28

patellofemoral pain syndrome

Question 29

softening and degeneration of the cartilage at the posterior aspect of the patella, posterior patella knee pain, grind test

Answer 29

chondromalacia patella

Question 30

housemaid’s knee, constant pressure between patella and skin as direct force or sheering force

Answer 30

prepatellar bursitis

Question 31

knee injury involving tears of anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus from a single blow to the knee

Answer 31

terrible triad

Question 32

what/where is the active insufficiency in the knee

Answer 32

hamstrings are a 2 joint muscle; they flex the knee and extend the hip. occurs to the agonist which is the hamstring muscles

Question 33

what is the etiology of a Total knee replacement

Answer 33

overuse, wear and tear, arthritis, obesity

Question 34

What is the typical course of TKR

Answer 34

immediate post op- pain meds and early mobilization to strengthen and prevent loss of ROM. out of bed for activities 1-3 days post op. rehab for bed mobility, knee flexion to 90 degrees and knee extension/ambulation with assistive devices

Question 35

what precautions should be watched with a TKR

Answer 35

no rotation/ twisting of the knee, no kneeling, some surgical procedures will limit full flexion, avoid pillows under knee in bed, encourage resting both feet squarely on floor when sitting, wear immobilizer per MD orders. return to normal activities in 3-6 weeks post op. driving 4-6 weeks post op