knee Flashcards
What is the knee joint supported by?
entirely by muscles, ligaments, no bony stability
True or False: the knee is the most complex and frequently injured joint of the body
True
what kind of joint is the knee joint
largest, diarthrodial/synovial modified hinge joint
is there rotation in the knee
yes as an accessory motion because the femoral medial condyle is longer than that of the lateral condyle
how many bursa are located in the knee
13 to reduce friction of the tendons
what is the popliteal space
area behind the knee, contains nerves and blood vessels, bordered by hamstrings and gastrocnemius
what does the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all cross knee together posteriorly and medially and join together to insert on the anterior medial surface of the proximal tibia
creates the pes anserine (goose foot) muscle
what bones create the knee
femur, tibia, patella
what motions are at the knee
extension, hyperextension, flexion, small amount of rotation
what is the screw hole mechanism
when pop knee straight, bone on bone holding you up no longer the muscles holding you up
What are the ligaments in the knee
ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, medial and lateral meniscus
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
MCL
medial collateral ligament
LCL
lateral collateral ligament
Describe the medial and lateral meniscus
2 half moon wedge shaped fibrocartilage disks on the superior surface of the tibia designed to absorb shock. Thicker laterally and proximal surfaces are concave- deepen the relatively flat joint surfaces
what is the patellofemoral joint
femur and patella
what is the kneecap
largest sesamoid bone in body-embedded in quadriceps femoris
whats the patellas purpose
to increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle and to protect the knee joint, increases the movement arm of the quadriceps increasing the angular force
what is the Q angle or patellofemoral angle
the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. about 13-19 degrees and tends to be greater in females
what is the tibiofibular joint
tibia and fibula, plane joint
what is genu valgum
knock knees, lower leg is more lateral than normal
bow legs, lower leg is more medially than normal
genu varum
back knees knees, hyperextension of knees
genu recuvatum
jumpers knee, tenderness at patellar tendon, usually results from overuse stress or sudden impact overlanding
patellar tendonitis
overuse of quadriceps muscle causing tendon inflammation at tibial tuberosity epiphysis
osgood-schlatters disease
popliteal cyst, synovial hernia or bursitis at the posterior knee
bakers cyst
diffuse anterior knee pain, may be secondary issue which is compromising the patients structure and their alignment such as Q angle, patella alta, quads weakness or tightness, and if the foot is pronated excessively
patellofemoral pain syndrome
softening and degeneration of the cartilage at the posterior aspect of the patella, posterior patella knee pain, grind test
chondromalacia patella
housemaid’s knee, constant pressure between patella and skin as direct force or sheering force
prepatellar bursitis
knee injury involving tears of anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus from a single blow to the knee
terrible triad
what/where is the active insufficiency in the knee
hamstrings are a 2 joint muscle; they flex the knee and extend the hip. occurs to the agonist which is the hamstring muscles
what is the etiology of a Total knee replacement
overuse, wear and tear, arthritis, obesity
What is the typical course of TKR
immediate post op- pain meds and early mobilization to strengthen and prevent loss of ROM. out of bed for activities 1-3 days post op. rehab for bed mobility, knee flexion to 90 degrees and knee extension/ambulation with assistive devices
what precautions should be watched with a TKR
no rotation/ twisting of the knee, no kneeling, some surgical procedures will limit full flexion, avoid pillows under knee in bed, encourage resting both feet squarely on floor when sitting, wear immobilizer per MD orders. return to normal activities in 3-6 weeks post op. driving 4-6 weeks post op
