TMI 2 Flashcards
what is immune-oncology
field of medicine which uses the immune system to treat cancers
2 ways to use the immune system against cancer
- inhibit pro-tumour inflammation
2. Promote anti-tumour inflammation
3 examples of oncogene activations? what would happen if we block these pathway
BRAF mutation
STAT3 activated all the time
b-CATENIN ACTIVATION
if we block we would inhibit pro-tumour inflammation
factors the cancer cells produce change which immune cells? (aka what do they turn off and on)
negative impact on anti-tumour Tcells and dendritic cells
turn on t-regs and myeloid suppressor cells
what happens to the modified immune cells if you get rid of the cancer?
they revert back to what they did before
if we target the pathways which allow the cancer to alter dendrites and anti-tumour T cells what would happen?
example of which pathway to inhibit
prevents pro-tumourigenic inflammatory signalling in the tumour
MAPK inhibitor
what can we give alongside inhibition of pro-tumour inflammation therapy?
things which produce anti-tumour inflammation
what is the checkpoint approach in promoting anti-tumour inflammation?
T-cells are controlled through on and off switches ‘immune checkpoints’
master checkpoint is CTLA4- activation of this checkpoint INHIBITS T-CELL FUNCTION
(how the majority are found as normally want them off)
want to inhibit CTLA4 to activate the T-cell
how can we block CTLA4?
anti CTLA4 monoclonal antibody
why do we want the CTLA4 active most of the time?
if the T-Cells are constantly switched on they will attack our own cells
what is the master checkpoint switch
CTLA4
what is the PD-1 receptor pathway, what are its effects when activated? where is it expressed?
PD-1 is expressed on dendrites and macrophages
activated by PD-L1 and this reduces cytokine production and surpasses T-cell proliferation
what do we want to do to the PD-1 pathway to get an anti-tumour response?
block it, this activates T-cell proliferation and causes a mega response
what type of drugs can be used to target the pd-1 pathway?
effect of these drug s
monoclonal antibodies against PD1 and PDL1 to prevent binding
this leads to T-cell proliferation and therefore anti tumour activity
