TM 1 Flashcards
What should learners be able to explain regarding traditional medicine approaches by the end of the lecture?
Historical background, fundamental principles & theories of selected traditional medicine approaches
Includes Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional African Medicine, Traditional Arabic/Islamic Medicine, and others
What is the importance of documentation in traditional medicine?
Crucial for sharing experience, evaluation for safety and efficacy
Highlights the need for standards and appropriate methods for evaluation
Who are the key figures associated with the foundations of European medicine?
Hippocrates and Galen
Hippocrates lived in the 5th & 4th century BC and Galen in the 2nd century AD
What concept is associated with the Hippocratic tradition?
Natural healing and the importance of physicians in healthcare
Emphasizes the role of physicians in maintaining health
What did Galen contribute to the field of medicine?
Wrote about comprehensive principles of research and the powers of a remedy
Focused on quality, potency, and consistency of drugs
What practices are included in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)?
Chinese Herbal Medicine, Acupuncture, Cupping, dietary therapy, mind and body exercises, meditation
TCM has spread throughout the world
What is the basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine?
Holistic approach and the vital energy (Q/Chi) theory
Most practices cannot be explained in terms of modern western medicine
Define holistic therapy approach.
Addresses the whole person rather than individual symptoms
Integrates spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional forms of well-being
What are the five basic principles associated with TCM?
- Yin and yang
- The five elements
- The five substances
- The vital organs
- The meridians
What does Yin represent in TCM?
A negative state associated with cold, dark, and passiveness
Part of the dynamic relationship with Yang
What does Yang represent in TCM?
A positive state associated with heat, light, and vigor/power
Balance between Yin and Yang is essential for health
What is the significance of the five elements in TCM?
Body organs are related to one of the five elements and influence health
Elements include water, wood, fire, earth, and metal
How does Traditional African Medicine (TAM) view the causes of disease?
Belief in supernatural forces, including spiritual causes
Diseases can arise from evil thoughts or deeds before reincarnation
What diagnostic tool is commonly used in Traditional African Medicine?
Divination
Can include throwing bones or using mind-changing plant drugs
What types of agents are used in Traditional African Medicine for treatment?
Plant and animal-derived agents, including minerals
May include multi-component mixtures
What is Traditional Arabic & Islamic Medicine (TAIM)?
Healing practices incorporating herbal medicines, spiritual therapies, dietary practices, and more
Used to treat, diagnose, and prevent illnesses
What historical influences shaped Traditional Arabic Medicine?
Graeco-Roman, Chinese, Persian, and Ayurvedic theories
Islamic medicine began in the 7th century
Name a famous physician from the Islamic Golden Age.
Al-Razi
Known for his work ‘kitab-al Hawi fi-Tibb’
What is a key characteristic of Sudanese traditional medicine?
A blend of ancient African and Arabian/Islamic cultures
Involves knowledge, intelligence, and possibly supernatural power
How many plant species in Sudan are estimated to have medicinal use?
Approximately 5,000 out of ~45,000 species
Indicates potential for discovering new drugs
What is the primary focus of the Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Research Institute in Sudan?
Illustrating medicinal plants of different regions of Sudan
Conducted research from 1986 to 2003
