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CIH > TLV and BEI > Flashcards

TLV and BEI Flashcards

1
Q

What do TLVs and BEIs NOT consider?

A

Economic and technical feasability

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2
Q

What conditions do TLVs and BEIs represent?

A

Represents conditions nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed to without adverse health effects.

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3
Q

What is the definition of a TLV-TWA?

A
  • Threshold limit value - time weighted average

- Airborne concentration averaged over 8 hours

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4
Q

What is the definition of a TLV-STEL?

A
  • Threshold limit value - short term exposure limit

- Airborne concentration averaged over 15 minutes

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5
Q

What does the TLV-TWA assume?

A

Assumes 8 hour workday, 40 hour workweek, and that a worker is exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effect .

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6
Q

What does the TLV-STEL assume?

A

Allows for short exposures that do not result in irritation, chronic or irreversible tissue damage, dose-rate-dependent toxic effects, or narcosis.

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7
Q

What are the daily limits for TLV-STEL exposures?

A

No more than 4 STEL exposures per day with at least 60 minutes between exposures.

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8
Q

What is the definition of a TLV-C?

A

Threshold limit value - ceiling. Cannot be exceeded at any point and is based on physical irritation (i.e. acute toxicity).

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9
Q

What does the Skin notation indicate?

A

Potential significant contribution to overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including eyes and mucous membranes

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10
Q

What does the the SEN notation indicate?

A

Potential for an agent to produce sensitization (allergic reaction) as confirmed by human or animal data.

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11
Q

What do the DSEN and RSEN notations indicate?

A 
DSEN = Dermal sensitization 
RSEN = Respiratory sensitization
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12
Q

What is A1?

A

confirmed human carcinogen based on the weight of epidemiological studies

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13
Q

A2

A

suspected human carcinogen based on adequate quality human data but conflicting or insufficient data

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14
Q

A3

A

confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans

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15
Q

A4

A

Not classifiable as a human carcinogen

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16
Q

A5

A

Not a suspected human carcinogen

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17
Q

BEI(A), BEI(M), BEI(P)

A 
A = acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticide
M = Methemoglobin inducers
P = Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
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18
Q

What are TLV Excursions?

A

Applies to substances with a TLV-TWA but no TLV-STEL, TLV-TWA can exceed 3x the TWA for no more than 30 minutes but should never exceed 5x the TWA. Allowed if the the TWA is not exceeded.

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19
Q

What do TLVs and BEIs assume about workplace conditions?

A

Assumes workplaces are in the US and are under STP.

20
Q

Are TLVs and BEIs appropriate for extended work periods?

A

No

21
Q

Do TLVs and BEIs protect all workers?

A

No, due to the variations between individuals (ethnicity, age, sex, comorbidities, etc.)

22
Q

Are TLVs and BEIs appropriate for community protection?

A

No

23
Q

What is a notice of intended change?

A

Proposed changes to chemical substance TLV and/or BEI

24
Q

What is a notice of intent to establish?

A

Proposed changes for physical agents

25
Q

How to account for extended workday?

A

TLV Reduction Factor (RF) = (8/hr)(PEL)

26
Q

How to address 7 day workweeks?

A

Use the RF equation and insert 168 hours in the denominator

27
Q

What is the Brief and Scala Model?

A

Gives equal weighting to recovery times in addition to exposure times, does not consider pharmacokinetics.

RF (Daily)= (8/hr)*([24-hr]/128)

RF (weekly) = (40/hr)*([168-hr]/128)

28
Q

What are TLV Independent exposures?

A

Two independent exposures that are treated separately. Each exposure has different effect and metabolism.

29
Q

What are TLV Additive exposures?

A

Total effect as the sum of each agent

30
Q

What is an antagonistic effect?

A

Mixture effect is less than that of a single substance.

31
Q

What is a synergistic effect?

A

Combined effect is greater than the sum.

32
Q

How do you calculate the TLV for VOC mixtures?

A

Reciprocal Concentration Procedure

33
Q

What is a PNOS?

A

Particulates not otherwise specified. Includes nuisance dust.

34
Q

What are the TLVs for respirable and inhalable PNOS?

A

3 mg/m3 (respirable)

10 mg/m3 (inhalable)

35
Q

What is the size range for inhalable particulates?

A

0-100 um

36
Q

What is the size range for the thoracic fraction?

A

0-25 um

37
Q

What is the size range for the respirable fraction?

A

0-10 um

38
Q

Is there a TLV for bioaerosols?

A

No

39
Q

What concentration of O2 is considered oxygen deficient?

A

<19.5%

40
Q

What is the pressure of an O2 deficient atmosphere?

A

<132 Torr

41
Q

What is the use of BEIs?

A

Test the efficiency of engineering controls, PPE, and personal hygiene practices.

42
Q

What routes of exposure can BEIs detect?

A

Skin and ingestion

43
Q

Why can’t BEIs substitute air monitoring?

A

It can substantiate air monitoring but not replace it because BEIs can also detect non-occupational exposures, for instance.

44
Q

What are sampling strategies of BEIs?

A

Parent and metabolite compounds in urine and blood, exhaled breath, and observing effect markers.

45
Q

Why is timing important for BEIs? When should they be taken?

A

It established a baseline exposure and can account for any non-occupational exposures. BEIs should be taken prior, during, and after shift, and at the end of the work week at least.

46
Q

What are the limitations of urine samples?

A

Excretion in urine varies with age, sex, disease, diet, sweating. Must make specific gravity adjustments and urine samples should be analyzed shortly after sampling.

47
Q

What test is used to determine blood lead levels?

A

Zinc protoporphyrin testing

CIH (11 decks)

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