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CIH > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

Non-ionizing radiation

A

Not enough energy to ionize water, heats it instead

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2
Q

Visible spectrum

A

360-700 nm

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3
Q

Infrared felt as ____

A

Heat

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4
Q

Depth of penetration is proportional to ___

A

Wavelength

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5
Q

Depth of penetration is inversely proportional to ___

A

Conductivity

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6
Q

Spectral power density

A

White/pink noise, broad/narrow band, pure tone

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7
Q

Radiance

A

Luminance, brightness, glare

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8
Q

Irradiance

A

Power density at the receiver, illuminance

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9
Q

Intensity

A

Power/energy density/per unit area

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10
Q

Free field

A

No obstructions between source and reciever

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11
Q

Alpha particle

A

He nucleus, 2 protons, 2 neutrons

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12
Q

Beta particle

A

electron

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13
Q

X-ray

A

Photon produced from bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) or electrons moving to another atomic orbital

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14
Q

Neutron

A

Neutron

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15
Q

Characteristic of Alpha particle

A

2+ charge, interactive, short penetration, stopped by paper

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16
Q

Characteristic of Beta particle

A

1- charge, limited penetration, stopped by aluminum foil

17
Q

Characteristic of Gamma/x-ray particle

A

No mass/charge, highly penetrating, must use heavy/massive materials for shielding

18
Q

How to shield from neutrons

A

Use low atomic number elements e.g. H, Be

19
Q

3 factors of protection

A

Time, distance, shielding

20
Q

Isotope

A

Same atomic number, different mass (i.e. different neutrons)

21
Q

Half life

A

Time it takes for half of isotope atoms to disintegrate, isotopes characterized by decay/half life

22
Q

Units of radioactivity

A

Curie, Becquerel

23
Q

Units of absorbed dose

A

rad, gray

24
Q

Linear energy transfer

A

energy loss per unit of path length (keV/um)

25
Q

Particles with high and low LET

A

High: alpha, proton, neutron
Low: Beta, X, gamma

26
Q

Dose equivalent units

A

Sievert/rem, regulatory limits based on rem or sieverts

CIH (11 decks)

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