Tissues of Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
4 types of tissues
epithelium
muscle tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
epithelium
anything that lines a surface or cavity
forms the outer layer of the skin
4 layers
4 layers of epithelium
simple squamous
simple cubodial
simple columnar
pseudostratified
muscle tissue function
give form to body and provide heat
muscle cells
specialized contractile cells organized into tissues
move body parts or alter shape of internal organs
types of muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
characteristics of skeletal muscle
striated
long
multinucleated
voluntary
what is the structural muscle unit of skeletal muscle
muscle fibers
what are the 3 parts of a muscle fiber
endomysium –> connective tissue covering individual muscle fibers, inner most layer
perimysium–> connective tissue covering a group of fibers (fascicles), middle layer
epimysium –> connective tissue covering the entire muscle (deep fascia), outer layer
functions of skeletal muscle
agonist
fixator
synergist
antagonist
what is an agonist
primary muscle mover, main muscle responsible for a movement
what is a fixator
steady
proximal parts of the limb during movement
occurs in distal parts
what is a synergist
complements action of prime mover
what is a antagonist
opposes action of prime mover
what are the shapes of skeletal muscle
pennate shape
fusiform shape
parallel shape
convergent shape
circular shape
digastric shape
pennate shape
feather shaped
ex: rectus femoris
can be bi-pennate
fusiform shape
wider towards middle
narrow @ the ends
ex: biceps brachii
parallel shape
all muscle fibers are parallel to each other
convergent shape
fan shaped
wider @ one end and fibers converge at the other
ex: pec major
circular shape
used to open and close
ex: eyes and mouth
digastric shape
2 bellies connected by a tendon
what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle
branching
interrelated discs
fused at the plasma membrane
found in the heart (forms most walls of the heart)
myocardium
involuntary
what are the characteristics of smooth muscle
long
single nucleated
spindle shaped
found in hollow organs (wall of digestive tract)
found in the skin (makes hair stand up)
involuntary
connective tissue
has 4 parts
-fibrous connective tissue
-connective cartilage
-bone
-blood cells
fibrous connective tissue
2 types (collagen and elastic)
consists of loose fibrous connective tissue and dense fibrous connective tissue
loose fibrous connective tissue
has more cells and fewer fibers (adipose)
dense fibrous connective tissue
more closely packed fibers
can be regular or irregular
-regular –> tendons or ligaments
-irregular –> fascia
connective cartilage
has 3 parts
-hyaline (articular cartilage)
-fibrocartilage
-elastic cartilage
hyaline cartilage
smooth, glossy, bluish
fibrocartilage
white, contains many collagen fibers
elastic cartilage
yellowish, found in external ear
bone
type of connective tissue
main supporting tissue of the body
what does bone provide
protection, support, mechanical basis of movement, storage for salts, continuous supply of blood cells
