Joints of the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
what are joints also called
articulations
what is a joint
union or junction b/w 2 bones
what are the types of movement a joint could allow
no movement (epiphyseal plates of growing long bone b/w diaphysis and epiphysis)
slight movement (teeth w/in their sockets)
freely moveable (shoulder joint)
3 types of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
what are fibrous joints
2 types
-syndemosis
-gomphosis
what is a syndemosis joint
fibrous joint
sheet of fiber joining 2 bones together
ex: sutures of the cranium or in b/w radius and ulnar
what is a gomphosis joint
fibrous joint
dentialveolar syndemosis
fibrous joint where root of the tooth fits into socket in the bone of the jaw
what are cartilaginous joints
articulating structures are united by either hyaline or fibrocartilage
what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints
primary and secondary
what is a primary cartilaginous joint
synchrondosis
bones are united by hyaline cartilage
usually temporary
what is a secondary cartilaginous joint
symphysis
strong, slightly moveable, provide shock absorption
bones united by fibrocartilage
what are synovial joints
most common joints
provides free movement
what are the structural aspects of a synovial joint
joint capsule
synovial fluid
articular cartilage
inside the capsule
outside the capsule
accessory ligaments
special features
what is the joint capsule
articular capsule
unites the bones
encloses the articular joint cavity
outer fibrous layer
has a synovial membrane (inner layer of the joint capsule)
what is the synovial fluid
secreted by the synovial membrane
acts as a lubricant to the joint
what is the articular cartilage
found on the ends of each bone w/in the capsule
what is inside the capsule
articular cartilage which covers the articulating surfaces of the bones
what is outside of the capsule
the periosteum which blends w/ the fibrous layer of the joint capsule
what are accessory ligaments
reinforce the joint
can be extrinsic (separate from the joint) or intrinsic (thickening portion of the joint capsule)
what are special features of a synovial joint
fibrocartilaginous articular discs or menisci
help bones fit better w/in the joint
what are the 6 types of synovial joints
hinge
pivot
saddle
condyloid
plane
ball and socket
what is a hinge joint
uniaxial
medial/lateral axis
permits flexion and extension
ex: humerus and ulna @ the elbow joint
what is a pivot joint
uniaxial
allows for pronation/supination of arm
vertical axis of rotation
ex: b/w 1st and 2nd vertebrae
what is a saddle joint
biaxial
occurs @ 2 axis
ex: located in the thumb (frontal plane)
what is a condyloid joint
ellipsoid
biaxial
allows more flexion and extension compared to ADD and ABD
ex: MCP joint
what is a plane joint
non-axial
tight –> limited in joint movement
numerous in the body
ex: facet joint on the articular facets of the vertebrae
what is a ball and socket joint
multiaxail
medial/lateral
ant/post
vertical axis of rotation
ex: shoulder joint
what is the plane of movement
parallel to the plane the movement is occurring in
ex: flexion of arm is parallel to sagittal plane
vascular aspects of synovial joints
articular arteries and veins
-founds mostly in synovial membrane
innervation of synovial joints
articular nerves –> pain fibers are numerous in fibrous layer of joint capsule
transmit proprioception
synovial membrane is insensitive
