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Anatomy Exam 1 > Shoulder Arthrology and Axilla > Flashcards

Shoulder Arthrology and Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

Sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

-only articulation b/w upper limb and axial skeleton
-saddle type joint
-extremely strong joint

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2
Q

SC joint is a _______ joint but acts as a ______ joint

A

-saddle joint
-functions as a ball and socket joint

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3
Q

SC joint being extremely strong leads to

A

-rare dislocations
-rather, fractures in the clavicle are common

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4
Q

articulations of SC joint

A

-it is divided into 2 compartments by an articular disc

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5
Q

ligaments of the SC joint

A

-anterior sternoclavicular ligament
-posterior sternoclavicular ligament
-interclavicular ligament
-costoclavicular ligament

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6
Q

costoclavicular ligament

A

-anchors the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib (limits elevation of the pectoral girdle)
-primary stabilizer

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7
Q

movements of the SC joint

A

elevation, rotation, anterior, posterior

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8
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

plane type synovial joint

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9
Q

articulations of the AC joint

A

acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula

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10
Q

ligaments of the AC joint

A

-acromioclavicular ligament
-coracoclavicular ligament

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11
Q

acromioclavicular ligament

A

-supports the superior portion of the joint

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12
Q

coracoclavicular ligament

A

-strong pair of bands that unite the coracoid process of the scap to the clavicle
-critical for maintaining the integrity of the AC joint
-contains 2 ligaments

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13
Q

what are the 2 ligaments of the coracoclavicular ligament

A

-conoid ligament (attachment at the conoid tubercle)
-trapezoid ligament (attachment at the trapezoid line)

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14
Q

movements of the AC joint

A

-acromion of the scap rotates on the acromion end of the clavicle

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15
Q

is the scapulothoracic joint a “true joint”

A

-no
-conceptual joint involving muscles

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16
Q

what is the scapulothoracic joint

A

-conceptual joint involving muscles
-space b/w the muscles considered to be “in the joint”

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17
Q

whatre the muscles of the scapulothoracic joint

A

subscapularis and the serratus anterior

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18
Q

what movement does the scapulothoracic joint allow

A

allows for an increase in shoulder elevation

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19
Q

what is the glenohumeral joint

A

-the shoulder joint
-ball and socket type of synovial joint
-mobility makes this joint relatively unstable
-most dislocated joint in adults

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20
Q

articulations of the GH joint

A

-round humeral head articulates w/ shallow glenoid cavity
-like a golf ball sitting in a tee –> the tee can hold the ball in place but is built to allow for a lot of movement

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21
Q

glenoid labrum

A

-fibrocartilage ring that surrounds the outer rim of the glenoid cavity
-used to create a little more depth and stability to the glenoid cavity @ the GH joint

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22
Q

articular capsule of GH joint

A

loose fibrous layer of the joint capsule

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23
Q

ligaments of the GH joint

A

-glenohumeral ligaments
-coracohumeral ligaments
-transverse humeral ligament
-coracoacromial ligament

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24
Q

transverse humeral ligament

A

-goes across the bicipital groove (tuberosity to tuberosity)
-helps keep the bicep head in place

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25
Q

GH joint movements

A

-has more freedom of movement than any other joint in the body
-flex/ext
-abd/add
-rotation of the humerus
-circumduction

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26
Q

blood supply of the GH joint

A

-anterior circumflex humeral artery
-posterior circumflex humeral artery

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27
Q

neural elements of the GH joint

A

-suprascapular nerve
-axillary nerve
-lateral pectoral nerve

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28
Q

what is a bursa

A

flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

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29
Q

what is the function of a bursa

A

lubricate and reduce friction

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30
Q

locations of bursa

A

-where tendons rub against each other, bone, skin and ligaments
-b/w muscle and bone
-b/w skin and bone

31
Q

bursa can become ________

A

inflamed

32
Q

where is the subscapular bursa

A

located b/w the tendon of the subscapularis and the neck of the scap

33
Q

where is the subacromial bursa

A

-b/w the acromion, coracoacromial ligament and deltoid superiorly
-supraspinatus tendon and the joint capsule of teh GH joint inferiorly

34
Q

what is the axilla

A

-gateway to the upper limb
-irregularly shaped pyramidal space
-all structures that pass through the upper limb pass through the axilla

35
Q

what is the axilla formed by

A

-clavicle
-scapula
-upper thoracic wall
-humerus
-related muscles

36
Q

axillary fascia

A

-axillary sheath and clavipectoral fascia

37
Q

what does the axillary sheath surround

A

-arteries
-veins
-nerves
-lymphatics

38
Q

clavipectoral fascia

A

-thick sheet of connective tissue
-connects the clavicle to the floor of the axilla
-encloses the subclavius and pectoralis
minor muscles
- spans the gap b/w them

39
Q

boundaries of the axilla

A

-apex
-base
-anterior
-posterior
-medial
-lateral

40
Q

apex and base boundaries of the axilla

A

-apex –> lateral margin of 1st rib, clavicle, superior margin of the subscapularis

-base –> skin of the armpit, subcutaneous tissue, axillary fascia

41
Q

ant/post boundaries of axilla

A

-anterior –> pectoralis major and minor muscles

-posterior –> subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

42
Q

medial/lateral boundaries of the axilla

A

-medial –> upper thoracic wall

-lateral –> bicipital groove

43
Q

contents of the axilla

A

-lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
-axillary artery
-axillary vein
-brachial plexus

44
Q

lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the axilla

A

-all the lymphatics from the upper limb drain into lymph nodes of the axilla

45
Q

pathway of drainage (lymphatic) for the axilla

A

apical node collects from –> central nodes which collects from –> humeral (lateral) nodes, pectoral (anterior) nodes and subscapular (posterior) nodes

humeral, pectoral, subscap –> central –> apical

46
Q

origin of the axillary artery

A

subclavian artery

47
Q

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

A

when it passes the lateral margin of the first rib

48
Q

course of the axillary artery

A

-passes through the axilla
-becomes the brachial artery @ the inferior margin of the teres major

49
Q

branches of the axillary artery

A

-separated into 3 parts by the pectoralis minor muscle
-proximal to pectoralis minor
-posterior to pec minor
-distal to pec minor

50
Q

proximal to pec minor branch of the axillary artery

A

-superior thoracic artery

51
Q

what does the superior thoracic artery supply

A

-superior intercostal space
-superior part of the serratus anterior

52
Q

posterior to pec minor branch of the axillary artery branch

A

-thoraco-acromial artery
-lateral thoracic artery

53
Q

what branches does the thoraco-acromial artery split into

A

-“PACD”
-pectoral
-acromial
-clavicular
-deltoid

54
Q

what does the lateral thoracic artery supply

A

-runs along the thoracic nerve
-supplies serratus anterior

55
Q

distal to pectoralis minor branch of the axillary artery

A

-subscapular artery
-anterior circumflex humeral artery
-posterior circumflex humeral artery

56
Q

what are the 2 branches of the subscapular artery

A

-circumflex scapular branch (comes through the triangular space)
-thoracodorsal branch (runs along the thoracodorsal nerve, supplies the latissimus dorsi)

57
Q

anterior circumflex humeral artery

A

wraps around humerus and anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral artery

58
Q

posterior circumflex humeral artery

A

wraps around the humerus and anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral artery

59
Q

axillary vein

A

-formed by the brachial and cephalic veins
-drains the arm

60
Q

how does the axillary brain drain (deep veins)

A

brachial vein –> axillary –> subclavian vein

61
Q

how does the axillary drain (superficial veins)

A

cephalic vein and basilic vein –> axillary vein
-don’t have accompanying arteries

62
Q

parts of the brachial plexus

A

-Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer
-roots
trunks
-divisions
-cords
-branches (terminal)

63
Q

roots of the brachial plexus

A

-from the anterior rami of C5-T1
-comes out b/w anterior and middle scalene muscles
-C5 and C6 connect
-C7 continues
-C8 and T1 connect

64
Q

what nerves come off of the superior trunk

A

suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius

65
Q

trunks of the brachial plexus

A

-superior
-middle
-inferior

66
Q

divisions of the brachial plexus

A

posterior division and anterior division

67
Q

posterior division of the brachial plexus

A

superior and inferior trunks connecting (onto the middle trunk)

68
Q

anterior division of the brachial plexus

A

connects the superior and middle trunks (opposite direction of posterior division)

69
Q

cords of the brachial plexus

A

-named in relation to the position of the axillary artery
-lateral (from the anterior division)
-posterior (from the posterior division)
-medial (extension of the inferior trunk)

70
Q

what nerves come off of the lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral nerve

71
Q

what nerves come off of the posterior cord

A

-upper subscapular
-thoracodorsal
-lower subscapular

72
Q

what nerves come off of the medial cord

A

-medial pectoral nerve
-medial brachial cutaneous nerve
-medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

73
Q

branches of the branchial plexus

A

-musculocutaneous nerve (from lateral cord)
-median nerve (from the lateral and medial cords)
-axillary nerve (from the posterior cord)
-radial nerve (from the posterior cord)
-ulnar nerve (from the medial cord)

74
Q

what is special about the medial pectoral nerve

A

pierces through the pec minor in order to get to the pec major

Anatomy Exam 1 (15 decks)

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