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Anatomy Exam 1 > Anterior/Posterior Forearm and Joints of the Forearm, Wrist, Hand > Flashcards

Anterior/Posterior Forearm and Joints of the Forearm, Wrist, Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Organization

A

compartments

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2
Q

how are compartments seperated

A

fascia, bones and interosseous membrane

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3
Q

anterior compartment

A

flexors and pronators

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4
Q

posterior compartment

A

extensors and supinatiors

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5
Q

deep fascias

A

antebrachial fascia

interosseous membrane

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6
Q

antebrachial fascia

A

continuous w/ brachial fascia

covers over all muscles under the skin like a sleeve

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7
Q

different antebrachial fascia

A

extensor reticulum

palmar carpal ligament

flexor reticulum

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8
Q

extensor reticulum

A

holds down the extensor tendons

posterior

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9
Q

palmar carpal ligament

A

continuous of extensor retinaculum

palmar side (anterior)

holds down tendons

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10
Q

flexor reticulum

A

deeper

distal to PCL

not continuous w/ extensor retinaculum

creates carpal tunnel (roof)

runs in b/w hood of hamate and pisiform

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11
Q

interosseous membrane

A

thin, strong, fibrous membrane

holds the radius and ulna together

helps create anterior compartment

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12
Q

tendon (synovial) sheath

A

surround all tendons that pass underneath the extensor/flexor retinaculum

reduce friction

connect the forearm and the hand

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13
Q

where would infection most likely occur and spread

A

tendon (synovial) sheaths

infection can travel from the hand to the forearm easily

assists in the spread of infection

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14
Q

how many carpal bones are there

A

8

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15
Q

carpal bones

A

give flexibility to the wrist

convex posteriorly, concave anteriorly

allow the ability to grasp around spherical objects

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16
Q

acronym for carpal bones

A

Some Lovers Try Positions They Can’t Handle

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17
Q

proximal row of carpal bones lateral to medial

A

scaphoid

lunate

triquetrum

pisiform

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18
Q

distal row of carpal bones lateral to medial

A

trapezium

trapezoid

capitate

hamate

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19
Q

articulations

A

proximal carpals articulate w/ articular disc of radiocarpal joint

distal carpals articulate w/ metacarpals

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20
Q

metacarpals

A

forms the skeleton of the palm of the hand b/w the carpus and the phalanges

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21
Q

how many metacarpals are there

A

5 on each hand

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22
Q

parts of metacarpal

A

base

body

head

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23
Q

proximal articulation of metacarpal

A

bases articulate w/ carpal bones

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24
Q

distal articulation of metacarpals

A

heads articulate with the proximal phalanges

form knuckles

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25
surfaces and landmarks of 1st metacarpal
(thumb) thickest and shortest
26
surfaces and landmarks of 3rd metacarpal
distinguished by a styloid process on the lateral side of its base
27
how many phalanges are there
5 on each hand
28
parts of the phalanges
3 parts base (proximal) body (middle) head (distal)
29
how many parts does the thumb have
2 phalanges distal and proximal
30
articulations of phalanges
metacarpophalangeal joint proximal interphalangeal joint distal interphalangeal joint
31
thumb only has ___________ joint
interphalangeal
32
surfaces and landmarks of proximal phalanges
the largest part
33
S&L of middle phalanges
intermediate size
34
S&L of distal phalanges
smallest part
35
S&L of terminal phalanges
flattened and expanded at their distal ends
36
parts of the anterior compartment
superficial and deep groups
37
anterior compartment
innervated by median nerve (mostly)
38
what are the exceptions of innervation of anterior compartment
flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus innervated by ulnar nerve
39
superficial group of anterior compartment
"PFPF" have common origins run lateral to more medial
40
muscles in the anterior compartment
pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor carpi digitorum superficialis
41
origin pronator teres
humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process
42
insertion of pronator teres
lateral radius (distal to supinator insertion)
43
innervation of pronator teres
median nerve (C6-C7) travels b/w ulnar and radial head of muscle
44
action of pronator teres
forearm pronation weak elbow flexor
45
flexor carpi radialis origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
46
flexor carpi radialis insertion
base of 2nd metacarpal
47
flexor carpi radialis innervation
median nerve (C6-C7)
48
action of flexor carpi radialis
wrist flexion ABD (radial deviation) of hand
49
palmaris longus origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
50
palmaris longus insertion
palmar aponeurosis
51
palmaris longus innervation
median nerve (C6-C7)
52
palmaris longus action
wrist flexion tightens palmar aponeurosis weak elbow flexion
53
flexor carpi ulnaris origin
humeral head: medial epicondyle ulnar head: olecranon
54
flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
pisiform hook of hamate base of 5th metacarpal
55
flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
56
flexor carpi ulnaris action
wrist flexion ADD of hand (ulnar deviation)
57
flexor digitorum superficialis
is intermediate
58
flexor digitorum superificialis origins
humeral head: medial epicondyle ulnar head: coronoid process
59
flexor digitorum superificialis insertion
sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 digits
60
flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
median nerve (C8, T1)
61
flexor digitorum superficialis action
flexion of wrist flexion of MCP joint flexion of PIP joints of 2-5 digits weak elbow flexor
62
what passes through the two heads of flexor digitorum superificialis
median and ulnar nerves
63
deep group of anterior compartment
flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
64
flexor digitorum profundus origin
ulna (2/3s of flexor surface) interosseous membrane
65
flexor digitorum profundus insertion
distal phalanges of 2-5 digits (palmar surface)
66
flexor digitorum profundus innervation
median nerve (C8,T1) ulnar half by ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
67
flexor digitorum profundus action
flexion of wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP of 2-5 digits
68
flexor pollicis longus origin
radius (mid anterior surface) adjacent interosseous membrane
69
flexor pollicis longus insertion
distal phalanx of thumb (palmar surface)
70
flexor pollicis longus innervation
median nerve (C7,C8)
71
flexor pollicis longus action
wrist flexion ABD of hand (radial deviation) flexion of carpometacarpal of thumb MCP and IP flexion
72
pronator quadratus origin
distal quarter of ulna (anterior surface)
73
pronator quadratus insertion
distal quarter of radius (anterior surface)
74
pronator quadratus innervation
median nerve (C7-C8)
75
pronator quadratus action
hand pronation distal radioulnar joint stabilization
76
posterior compartment is innervated by...
radial nerve or its branches
77
parts of the posterior compartments
superficial muscles deeps muscles
78
superficial muscle group
all arise from a common extensor tendon attached to the posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and adjacent fascia
79
muscles in the superior muscle group of the posterior compartment
brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris
80
brachioradialis origin
lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus lateral intermuscular septum
81
brachioradialis insertion
styloid process of the radius
82
brachioradialis innervation
radial nerve (C5-C7)
83
brachioradialis action
elbow flexion
84
what happens to the brachioradialis in forearm neutral
in greatest position/greatest flexor/ greatest advantage
85
extensor carpi radialis longus origin
lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus lateral intermuscular septum
86
extensor carpi radialis longus insertion
base of 2nd metacarpal
87
extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
radial nerve (C6-C7)
88
extensor carpi radialis longus action
wrist extension and ABD (radial deviation) weak elbow flexion
89
where is the extensor carpi radialis longus
parallels brachioradialis on lateral forearm
90
extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
91
extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion
base of 3rd metacarpals
92
extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
radial nerve (C7-C8)
93
extensor carpi radialis brevis action
wrist extension and ABD (radial deviation) weak eblow flexion
94
where is the extensor carpi radialis brevis
lies deep to the extensor carpi radialis longus shorter than the extensor carpi radialis longus
95
where is the extensor digitorum
lies medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis
96
extensor digitorum origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
97
extensor digitorum insertion
dorsal digital expansions of 2-5 digits
98
extensor digitorum innervation
radial nerve (C7-C8)
99
extensor digitorum action
wrist extension extension/ABD of MCP, PIP and DIP of 2-5 digits
100
where is extensor digiti minimi
detached portion of extensor digitorum
101
extensor digiti minimi origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
102
extensor digiti minimi insertion
dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
103
extensor digiti minimi innervation
radial nerve (C7-C8)
104
extensor digiti minimi action
wrist extension ADD of hand (ulnar deviation) extension and ABD of MCP, PIP, DIP of 5th digit
105
where is extensor carpi ulnaris
most medial of superficial posterior muscles
106
extensor carpi ulnaris origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus ulnar head (dorsal surface)
107
extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
base of 5th metacarpal
108
extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
radial nerve (C7-C8)
109
extensor carpi ulnaris action
wrist extension ADD of hand (ulnar deviation)
110
deep group of posterior compartment
anatomical snuffbox supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor idicis
111
where is the supinator muscle
deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow
112
supinator origin
olecranon lateral epicondyle of humerus radial collateral ligament anular ligament
113
supinator insertion
radius b/q the radial tuberosity and insertion of pronator teres
114
supinator innervation
radial nerve (C6-C7) deep branch of the radial nerve will pierce through the muscle
115
supinator action
radioulnar joint supination
116
where is the abductor pollicis longus
lateral and parallel to extensor pollicis longus
117
abductor pollicis longus origin
radius and ulna dorsal surfaces interosseous membrane
118
abductor pollicis longus insertion
base of 1st metacarpal
119
abductor pollicis longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve from deep branch of radial nerve (C7-C8)
120
abductor pollicis longus action
ABD of hand at the radiocarpal joint carpometacarpal joint of thumb ABD
121
where is the extensor pollicis brevis
part of pair of deep muscles overlain by extensor carpi ulnaris
122
extensor pollicis brevis origin
posterior surface of radius interosseous membrane
123
extensor pollicis brevis insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
124
extensor pollicis brevis innervation
radial nerve (C7-C8)
125
extensor pollicis brevis action
ABD at radiocarpal joint (radial deviation of hand) thumb extension (carpometacarpal and MCP joints)
126
where is the extensor pollicis longus
part of a pair of deep muscles overlain by extensor carpi ulnaris
127
extensor pollicis longus origin
posterior surface of ulna interosseous membrane
128
extensor pollicis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
129
extensor pollicis longus innervation
radial nerve (C7-C8)
130
extensor pollicis longus action
wrist extension ABD of hand (radial deviation) thumb carpometacarpal joint extension MCP and IP joint of thumb extension
131
where is extensor idicis
tiny muscle arising close to wrist
132
extensor idicis origin
posterior surface of ulna interosseous membrane
133
extensor idicis insertion
posterior digital expansion of 2nd digit
134
extensor idicis innervation
posterior interosseous nerve deep nerve of radial branch (C7-C8)
135
extensor idicis action
wrist extension MCP, PIP and DIP of 2nd digit expansion
136
arteries
ulnar artery radial artery
137
ulnar artery
anterior recurrent posterior recurrent common interosseous dorsal carpal arch palmar carpal arch
138
common interosseous artery
anterior interosseous posterior interosseous goes into recurrent interosseous
139
radial artery
radial recurrent dorsal carpal arch palmar carpal arch
140
veins
superficial deep
141
superficial veins
cephalic and basilic
142
deep veins
radial and ulnar
143
nerves
medial antebrachial lateral antebrachial median (anterior interosseous) ulnar radial
144
lateral antebrachial nerve
off musculocutaneous nerve innervates lateral skin of the forearm
145
median nerve
anterior interosseous contributions from lateral and medial cords supplies everything in the anterior compartment besides few exceptions
146
exceptions to median nerve innervation
flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar half of flexor digititorum profundus (digits 4-5)
147
ulnar nerve
terminal branch of medial cord of brachial plexus runs behind medial epicondyle runs b/w two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
148
radial nerve
superficial (sensory supply) deep branch (motor supply) posterior compartment of the arm and the forearm runs anteriorly to lateral epicondyle
149
deep branch of radial nerve
posterior interosseous (superficial branch) pierces the supinator
150
spaces of forearm
flexor retinaculum extensor retinaculum anatomical snuffbox
151
structures passing through the flexor retinaculum
superficial structures deep structures
152
superficial structures
palmaris longus tendon ulnar artery ulnar nerve flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
153
deep structures
carpal tunnel compartment of flexor carpi radialis tendon
154
carpal tunnel
flexor digitorum superficialis tendons flexor digitorum profundus tendons flexor pollicis longus tendons median nerve
155
compartment of flexor carpi radialis tendon
flexor carpus radialis tendon
156
compartments under extensor retinaculum
abductor pollicis longus abductor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor digitorum extensor indicis extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris
157
anatomical snuffbox boundaries
lateral and medial
158
lateral border of anatomical snuffbox
abductor pollicis longus tendon extensor pollicis brevis
159
medial border of anatomical snuffbox
extensor pollicis longus tendon
160
contents of anatomical snuffbox
radial artery (deep) cephalic vein lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve superficial branch of radial nerve
161
joints of the forearm
proximal radioulnar joint distal radioulnar joint
162
proximal radioulnar joint
pivot type of synovial joint anular ligament allows for pronation and supination of the forearm
163
distal radioulnar joint
pivot type of synovial joint radius moves around the fixed distal end of the ulna radius crosses over the ulnar during pronation
164
what type of joint is the wrist joint
condyloid type of synovial joint
165
articulations of the wrist joint
radius and the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint proximal row of carpal bones
166
ligaments of wrist joint
palmar radiocarpal dorsal radiocarpal ulnar collateral radial collateral
167
movements at the wrist joint
flexion/extension ABD/ADD (radial/ulnar deviation) circumduction
168
joints of the hand
intercarpal carpometacarpal intermetacarpal metacarpophalangeal interphalangeal
169
intercarpal joint
plane type of synovial joint interconnecting the carpal bones gliding movements possible flexion and extension of hand (initiated with midcarpal joint)
170
carpometacarpal joint
plane type of synovial joint **except for CMC of thumb**
171
CMC of thumb
saddle type of joint allows for flexion/extension, ABD/ADD, circumduction
172
intermetacarpal joint
plane type of joints adjacent metacarpals articulate w/ each other occur b/w the radial and ulnar aspects of the bases of the metacarpals
173
metacarpophalangeal joint
condyloid joint allows for flexion/extension, ABD/ADD medial and lateral collateral ligaments deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
174
interphalangeal joint
hinge type of joint permits flexion/extension only

Anatomy Exam 1 (15 decks)

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