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Anatomy Exam 1 > Axilla, Arm and Elbow Arthrology > Flashcards

Axilla, Arm and Elbow Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerve roots

A

C5-T1

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2
Q

where do the roots originate from

A

anterior rami of C5-T1

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3
Q

what does the anterior rami innervate

A

extremities

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4
Q

trunks

A

superior

middle

inferior

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5
Q

where is the clavicle located

A

placed b/w the trunks and the divisions

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6
Q

superior trunk

A

C5-C6

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7
Q

what nerves originate off the superior trunk

A

dorsal scapular nerve

suprascapular nerve

subclavius nerve

phrenic nerve

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8
Q

middle trunk

A

continuation of C7

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9
Q

inferior trunk

A

C8 - T1

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10
Q

divisions

A

posterior

anterior

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11
Q

what do the divisions do

A

reorganize

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12
Q

posterior division

A

superior and inferior trunks connecting onto the middle trunk

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13
Q

anterior division

A

connects the superior and middle trunks (opposite of posterior)

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14
Q

Cords

A

named in relation to its location around the axillary artery

lateral

posterior

medial

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15
Q

lateral cord

A

from the anterior division

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16
Q

what nerve originates off of the lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral nerve

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17
Q

posterior cord

A

comes from the posterior division

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18
Q

what nerves come off of the posterior cord

A

lower subscapular nerve

thoracodorsal nerve

upper subscapular nerve

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19
Q

medial cord

A

extension of the inferior trunk

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20
Q

what nerves come off of the medial cord

A

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

medial pectoral nerve

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21
Q

branches

A

come out b/w anterior scalenes

musculocutaneous nerve

axillary nerve

radial nerve

ulnar nerve

median nerve

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22
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

off lateral cord

innervates the anterior compartment

pierces coracoid brachialis on the way to the brachialis and the biceps brachii

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23
Q

axillary nerve

A

off posterior cord

innervates the deltoid and the teres minor

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24
Q

radial nerve

A

off posterior cord

innervates the posterior forearm and posterior arm (posterior compartment)

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25
ulnar nerve
off medial cord heads towards the hand and the forearm
26
median nerve
connection of lateral cord and medial cord travels to the forearm and the hand through the arm
27
ASIA scale
asses motor points and sensory point checks the cranial nerves
28
sensory point
check if the nerve is in tact and functioning
29
C5 sensory point
lateral elbow
30
C6 sensory point
dorsal side of the 1st digit
31
C7 sensory point
dorsal side of the 3rd digit
32
C8 sensory point
dorsal side of the 5th digit
33
T1 sensory point
medial elbow
34
motor function to check C5
elbow flexion
35
motor function to check C6
wrist extension
36
motor function to check C7
elbow extension
37
motor function to check C8
finger flexors
38
motor function to check T1
finger abductors
39
arm organization
brachial fascia compartments
40
compartments of the arm
anterior posterior
41
anterior compartment
innervated by musculocutaneous nerve elbow flexors supinators
42
posterior compartment
innervated by radial nerve elbow extensors
43
distal end of the humerus
largest bone in the upper limb
44
articulations of humerus
radius and ulna @ elbow joint
45
surfaces and landmarks of distal humerus
lateral supracondyle medial supracondyle condyle
46
condyle of distal humerus
lateral and medial epicondyles capitulum radial fossa trochlea coronoid fossa olecranon fossa
47
why is the medial epicondyle more prominent
the ulnar nerve runs underneath
48
ulna
the stabilizing bone of the forearm medial and longer of the two forearm bones
49
ulnar articulations
radius and humerus @ elbow joint distal and proximal radioulnar joints does not articulate directly with carpal bones (separated by fibrocartilaginous articular disc)
50
surfaces and landmarks of the proximal end of the ulna
olecranon trochlear notch coronoid process tuberosity radial notch supinator crest supinator fossa
51
surfaces and landmarks of the body of the ulna
anterior border posterior border interosseous border anterior surface medial surface posterior surface
52
surfaces and landmarks of the distal end of the ulna
head styloid process
53
radius
lateral and shorter of the two forearm muscles
54
radial articulations
ulna and humerus at elbow joint proximal/distal radioulnar joint
55
surfaces and landmarks of the proximal end of the radius
head neck radial tuberosity
56
surfaces and landmarks of the body of the radius
anterior border posterior border interosseous border anterior surface lateral surface posterior surface
57
surfaces and landmarks of the distal end of the radius
ulnar notch styloid process dorsal tubercle (Lister's tubercle)
58
Colle's Fracture
falling out on an outstretched hand/wrist/arm (FOOSH/FOOSA) causes distal end of radius to go more dorsal (dorsally) looks like the back of a dinner fork fractures both radius and ulna very common
59
Smith's fracture
fracture at the distal end of the radius not as common land on the arm w/ the wrist in a flexed position wrists goes more palmar presentation is like a shovel
60
muscles in the anterior compartment
biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis
61
biceps brachii
2 headed fusiform muscle
62
origin of the biceps brachii
long head O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula short head O: coracoid process of scapula
63
why is the long head considered the long head
named on the length of the tendon not the length of the muscle
64
insertion of biceps brachii
I: radius (radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis) bicipital aponeurosis changes the direction of pull which allows for supination
65
innervation of biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
66
actions of biceps brachii
elbow flexion and supination shoulder flexion humeral stabilization during deltoid contraction, IR and ABD
67
brachialis
strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii wide muscle belly
68
origin of brachialis
O: humerus (distal half of anterior surface)
69
insertion of brachialis
I: ulnar tuberosity
70
innervation of brachialis
musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) radial nerve (C7, minorly)
71
brachialis action
elbow flexion
72
coracobrachialis
small, cylindrical muscle
73
coracobrachialis origin
coracoid process of scapula
74
coracobrachialis insertion
humerus (in line with crest of lesser tuberosity)
75
coracobrachialis innervation
musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
76
coracobrachialis actions
shoulder flexion, ADD, IR
77
what muscle are within the posterior compartment
triceps brachii anconeus
78
triceps brachii
large fleshy muscle 3 heads (long, lateral, medial)
79
long head origin triceps brachii
O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
80
lateral head origin triceps brachii
O: posterior humerus (distal to radial groove), lateral intermuscular septum
81
medial head origin triceps brachii
O: posterior humerus (distal to radial groove), medial intermuscular septum
82
triceps brachii insertion
I: olecranon of ulna
83
innervation of triceps brachii
radial nerve (C6-C8)
84
actions of triceps brachii
elbow flexion long head: shoulder extension and ADD
85
anconeus
short triangular muscle
86
anconeus origin
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
87
anconeus insertion
I: olecranon of ulna
88
innervation of anconeus
radial nerve (C7-C8, T1)
89
actions of anconeus
assists triceps in elbow extension stabilized elbow joint ABD ulna during forearm pronation
90
artery origin (vascular element) of arm
axillary artery --> brachial artery after it crosses lower border of teres major
91
course of the brachial artery
found in the anterior compartment terminates just distal to the elbow joint divides into radial and ulnar arteries
92
branches from lateral aspect of arm
unnamed muscular branches humeral nutrient
93
branches from medial aspect of arm
profunda brachii artery (ascending branch, medial collateral, lateral collateral) superior ulnar collateral inferior ulnar collateral
94
superficial veins of arm
cephalic basilic
95
deep veins of arm
brachial vein
96
neural elements of arm
intercostobrachial (T2) musculocutaneous median ulnar medial brachial cutaneous medial antebrachial cutaneous axillary radial
97
intercostobrachial
T2 branch of intercostal nerve contributes innervation of skin on medial surface of the arm
98
medial brachial cutaneous nerve
branches off of the medial cord innervates the skin over the medial aspect of the arm
99
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
branches off the medial cord innervates the skin of the medial aspect of the forearm
100
triangular interval
space
101
boundaries of the triangular interval
superior: teres major lateral: lateral head of the triceps brachii medial: long head of the triceps brachii
102
contents of the triangular interval
radial nerve profunda brachii artery
103
cubital fossa
3-D space
104
boundaries of cubital fossa
roof: skin, subcutaneous tissue, brachial fascia, bicipital aponeurosis superior: (imaginary) line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus medial: pronator teres lateral: brachioradialis floor: brachialis and supinator
105
contents of cubital fossa
veins (cephalic, basilic, median cubital) biceps brachii tendon brachial artery median nerve
106
elbow joint
complex joint involving three separate articulations share a common synovial joint cavity
107
articulations of elbow joint
3 principal articulations 1. trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlear of the humerus 2. b/w head of the radius and capitulum of the humerus (primarily involved with hinge like flexion, extension of the forearm) 3. joint b/w the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna and proximal radio-ulna joint (involved with pronation and supination of the forearm)
108
articular capsule of the elbow joint
fibrous membrane of the joint capsule overlies the synovial membrane encloses the joint attaches the medial epicondyle and the margins of the olecranon, coranoid and radial fossa medial and lateral sides are thickens (collateral ligaments)
109
collateral ligaments of elbow joint
support flexion and extension movements loose in the direction of movements (posterior and anterior sides)
110
radial collateral ligament
extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus reduces movement laterally
111
anular ligament of radius
encircles and holds the head of the humerus in the radial notch of the ulna can have radial subluxation (nursemaid's elbow --> pronated arm while the arm is pulled)
112
ulnar collateral ligament
extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to coronoid process of the ulna 3 parts reduces movement medially often injured in overhead athletes --> Tommy john surgery --> take palmaris longus and restructure UCL
113
3 parts of the UCL
1. anterior cord-like band is the strongest 2. posterior fan-like band is the weakest 3.slender oblique band deepens the socket for the trochlear of the humerus
114
elbow flexors
brachialis and biceps brachii
115
elbow extensor
triceps brachii
116
carrying angle
the long axis of the fully extended ulna makes angle of approx 170 degrees with the long axis of the humerus allows space b/w the object being carried and the body w/o banging into the legs
117
vascular supply to elbow joint
through a network of vessels derived from collateral and recurrent branches of the brachial, profunda brachii, radial, and ulnar arteries
118
ulnar side vascular supply of elbow joint
superior ulnar collateral artery will anastomose with the posterior ulna recurrent artery inferior ulnar collateral artery will anastomose with the anterior ulna recurrent artery
119
radial side vascular supply of elbow joint
radial collateral artery will anastomose with the anterior ulna recurrent artery middle collateral artery will anastomose with the interosseous recurrent artery
120
innervation of elbow joint
branches of the musculocutaneous and radial nerves some innervation by branches of the ulnar and median nerves
121
olecranon bursae
intratendinous olecranon bursa subtendinous olecranon bursa subcutaneous olecranon bursa
122
intratendinous olecranon bursa
sometimes present on the tendon of the triceps brachii
123
subtendinous olecranon bursa
located b/w the olecranon and the triceps tendon (proximal to its attachment to the olecranon)
124
subcutaneous olecranon bursa
located in the subcutaneous connective tissue over the olecranon
125
bicipitoradial bursa
seperated the biceps tendon from the anterior part of the radial tuberosity reduces abrasion against the anterior part of the radial tuberosity

Anatomy Exam 1 (15 decks)

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