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Anatomy Exam 1 > Axilla, Arm and Elbow Arthrology > Flashcards

Axilla, Arm and Elbow Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerve roots

A

C5-T1

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2
Q

where do the roots originate from

A

anterior rami of C5-T1

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3
Q

what does the anterior rami innervate

A

extremities

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4
Q

trunks

A

superior

middle

inferior

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5
Q

where is the clavicle located

A

placed b/w the trunks and the divisions

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6
Q

superior trunk

A

C5-C6

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7
Q

what nerves originate off the superior trunk

A

dorsal scapular nerve

suprascapular nerve

subclavius nerve

phrenic nerve

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8
Q

middle trunk

A

continuation of C7

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9
Q

inferior trunk

A

C8 - T1

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10
Q

divisions

A

posterior

anterior

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11
Q

what do the divisions do

A

reorganize

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12
Q

posterior division

A

superior and inferior trunks connecting onto the middle trunk

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13
Q

anterior division

A

connects the superior and middle trunks (opposite of posterior)

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14
Q

Cords

A

named in relation to its location around the axillary artery

lateral

posterior

medial

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15
Q

lateral cord

A

from the anterior division

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16
Q

what nerve originates off of the lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral nerve

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17
Q

posterior cord

A

comes from the posterior division

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18
Q

what nerves come off of the posterior cord

A

lower subscapular nerve

thoracodorsal nerve

upper subscapular nerve

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19
Q

medial cord

A

extension of the inferior trunk

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20
Q

what nerves come off of the medial cord

A

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

medial pectoral nerve

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21
Q

branches

A

come out b/w anterior scalenes

musculocutaneous nerve

axillary nerve

radial nerve

ulnar nerve

median nerve

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22
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

off lateral cord

innervates the anterior compartment

pierces coracoid brachialis on the way to the brachialis and the biceps brachii

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23
Q

axillary nerve

A

off posterior cord

innervates the deltoid and the teres minor

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24
Q

radial nerve

A

off posterior cord

innervates the posterior forearm and posterior arm (posterior compartment)

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25
Q

ulnar nerve

A

off medial cord

heads towards the hand and the forearm

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26
Q

median nerve

A

connection of lateral cord and medial cord

travels to the forearm and the hand through the arm

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27
Q

ASIA scale

A

asses motor points and sensory point

checks the cranial nerves

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28
Q

sensory point

A

check if the nerve is in tact and functioning

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29
Q

C5 sensory point

A

lateral elbow

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30
Q

C6 sensory point

A

dorsal side of the 1st digit

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31
Q

C7 sensory point

A

dorsal side of the 3rd digit

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32
Q

C8 sensory point

A

dorsal side of the 5th digit

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33
Q

T1 sensory point

A

medial elbow

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34
Q

motor function to check C5

A

elbow flexion

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35
Q

motor function to check C6

A

wrist extension

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36
Q

motor function to check C7

A

elbow extension

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37
Q

motor function to check C8

A

finger flexors

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38
Q

motor function to check T1

A

finger abductors

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39
Q

arm organization

A

brachial fascia

compartments

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40
Q

compartments of the arm

A

anterior

posterior

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41
Q

anterior compartment

A

innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

elbow flexors

supinators

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42
Q

posterior compartment

A

innervated by radial nerve

elbow extensors

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43
Q

distal end of the humerus

A

largest bone in the upper limb

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44
Q

articulations of humerus

A

radius and ulna @ elbow joint

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45
Q

surfaces and landmarks of distal humerus

A

lateral supracondyle

medial supracondyle

condyle

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46
Q

condyle of distal humerus

A

lateral and medial epicondyles

capitulum

radial fossa

trochlea

coronoid fossa

olecranon fossa

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47
Q

why is the medial epicondyle more prominent

A

the ulnar nerve runs underneath

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48
Q

ulna

A

the stabilizing bone of the forearm

medial and longer of the two forearm bones

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49
Q

ulnar articulations

A

radius and humerus @ elbow joint

distal and proximal radioulnar joints

does not articulate directly with carpal bones (separated by fibrocartilaginous articular disc)

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50
Q

surfaces and landmarks of the proximal end of the ulna

A

olecranon

trochlear notch

coronoid process

tuberosity

radial notch

supinator crest

supinator fossa

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51
Q

surfaces and landmarks of the body of the ulna

A

anterior border

posterior border

interosseous border

anterior surface

medial surface

posterior surface

52
Q

surfaces and landmarks of the distal end of the ulna

A

head

styloid process

53
Q

radius

A

lateral and shorter of the two forearm muscles

54
Q

radial articulations

A

ulna and humerus at elbow joint

proximal/distal radioulnar joint

55
Q

surfaces and landmarks of the proximal end of the radius

A

head

neck

radial tuberosity

56
Q

surfaces and landmarks of the body of the radius

A

anterior border

posterior border

interosseous border

anterior surface

lateral surface

posterior surface

57
Q

surfaces and landmarks of the distal end of the radius

A

ulnar notch

styloid process

dorsal tubercle (Lister’s tubercle)

58
Q

Colle’s Fracture

A

falling out on an outstretched hand/wrist/arm (FOOSH/FOOSA)

causes distal end of radius to go more dorsal (dorsally)

looks like the back of a dinner fork

fractures both radius and ulna

very common

59
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

fracture at the distal end of the radius

not as common

land on the arm w/ the wrist in a flexed position

wrists goes more palmar

presentation is like a shovel

60
Q

muscles in the anterior compartment

A

biceps brachii

brachialis

coracobrachialis

61
Q

biceps brachii

A

2 headed fusiform muscle

62
Q

origin of the biceps brachii

A

long head O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head O: coracoid process of scapula

63
Q

why is the long head considered the long head

A

named on the length of the tendon not the length of the muscle

64
Q

insertion of biceps brachii

A

I: radius (radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis)

bicipital aponeurosis changes the direction of pull which allows for supination

65
Q

innervation of biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

66
Q

actions of biceps brachii

A

elbow flexion and supination

shoulder flexion

humeral stabilization during deltoid contraction, IR and ABD

67
Q

brachialis

A

strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii

wide muscle belly

68
Q

origin of brachialis

A

O: humerus (distal half of anterior surface)

69
Q

insertion of brachialis

A

I: ulnar tuberosity

70
Q

innervation of brachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

radial nerve (C7, minorly)

71
Q

brachialis action

A

elbow flexion

72
Q

coracobrachialis

A

small, cylindrical muscle

73
Q

coracobrachialis origin

A

coracoid process of scapula

74
Q

coracobrachialis insertion

A

humerus (in line with crest of lesser tuberosity)

75
Q

coracobrachialis innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

76
Q

coracobrachialis actions

A

shoulder flexion, ADD, IR

77
Q

what muscle are within the posterior compartment

A

triceps brachii

anconeus

78
Q

triceps brachii

A

large fleshy muscle

3 heads (long, lateral, medial)

79
Q

long head origin triceps brachii

A

O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

80
Q

lateral head origin triceps brachii

A

O: posterior humerus (distal to radial groove), lateral intermuscular septum

81
Q

medial head origin triceps brachii

A

O: posterior humerus (distal to radial groove), medial intermuscular septum

82
Q

triceps brachii insertion

A

I: olecranon of ulna

83
Q

innervation of triceps brachii

A

radial nerve (C6-C8)

84
Q

actions of triceps brachii

A

elbow flexion

long head: shoulder extension and ADD

85
Q

anconeus

A

short triangular muscle

86
Q

anconeus origin

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

87
Q

anconeus insertion

A

I: olecranon of ulna

88
Q

innervation of anconeus

A

radial nerve (C7-C8, T1)

89
Q

actions of anconeus

A

assists triceps in elbow extension

stabilized elbow joint

ABD ulna during forearm pronation

90
Q

artery origin (vascular element) of arm

A

axillary artery –> brachial artery

after it crosses lower border of teres major

91
Q

course of the brachial artery

A

found in the anterior compartment

terminates just distal to the elbow joint

divides into radial and ulnar arteries

92
Q

branches from lateral aspect of arm

A

unnamed muscular branches

humeral nutrient

93
Q

branches from medial aspect of arm

A

profunda brachii artery (ascending branch, medial collateral, lateral collateral)

superior ulnar collateral

inferior ulnar collateral

94
Q

superficial veins of arm

A

cephalic

basilic

95
Q

deep veins of arm

A

brachial vein

96
Q

neural elements of arm

A

intercostobrachial (T2)

musculocutaneous

median

ulnar

medial brachial cutaneous

medial antebrachial cutaneous

axillary

radial

97
Q

intercostobrachial

A

T2

branch of intercostal nerve

contributes innervation of skin on medial surface of the arm

98
Q

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

A

branches off of the medial cord

innervates the skin over the medial aspect of the arm

99
Q

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

A

branches off the medial cord

innervates the skin of the medial aspect of the forearm

100
Q

triangular interval

A

space

101
Q

boundaries of the triangular interval

A

superior: teres major

lateral: lateral head of the triceps brachii

medial: long head of the triceps brachii

102
Q

contents of the triangular interval

A

radial nerve

profunda brachii artery

103
Q

cubital fossa

A

3-D space

104
Q

boundaries of cubital fossa

A

roof: skin, subcutaneous tissue, brachial fascia, bicipital aponeurosis

superior: (imaginary) line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus

medial: pronator teres

lateral: brachioradialis

floor: brachialis and supinator

105
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A

veins (cephalic, basilic, median cubital)

biceps brachii tendon

brachial artery

median nerve

106
Q

elbow joint

A

complex joint involving three separate articulations

share a common synovial joint cavity

107
Q

articulations of elbow joint

A

3 principal articulations

  1. trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlear of the humerus
  2. b/w head of the radius and capitulum of the humerus (primarily involved with hinge like flexion, extension of the forearm)
  3. joint b/w the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna and proximal radio-ulna joint (involved with pronation and supination of the forearm)
108
Q

articular capsule of the elbow joint

A

fibrous membrane of the joint capsule

overlies the synovial membrane

encloses the joint

attaches the medial epicondyle and the margins of the olecranon, coranoid and radial fossa

medial and lateral sides are thickens (collateral ligaments)

109
Q

collateral ligaments of elbow joint

A

support flexion and extension movements

loose in the direction of movements (posterior and anterior sides)

110
Q

radial collateral ligament

A

extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

reduces movement laterally

111
Q

anular ligament of radius

A

encircles and holds the head of the humerus in the radial notch of the ulna

can have radial subluxation (nursemaid’s elbow –> pronated arm while the arm is pulled)

112
Q

ulnar collateral ligament

A

extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to coronoid process of the ulna

3 parts

reduces movement medially

often injured in overhead athletes –> Tommy john surgery –> take palmaris longus and restructure UCL

113
Q

3 parts of the UCL

A
  1. anterior cord-like band is the strongest
  2. posterior fan-like band is the weakest

3.slender oblique band deepens the socket for the trochlear of the humerus

114
Q

elbow flexors

A

brachialis and biceps brachii

115
Q

elbow extensor

A

triceps brachii

116
Q

carrying angle

A

the long axis of the fully extended ulna

makes angle of approx 170 degrees with the long axis of the humerus

allows space b/w the object being carried and the body w/o banging into the legs

117
Q

vascular supply to elbow joint

A

through a network of vessels derived from collateral and recurrent branches of the brachial, profunda brachii, radial, and ulnar arteries

118
Q

ulnar side vascular supply of elbow joint

A

superior ulnar collateral artery will anastomose with the posterior ulna recurrent artery

inferior ulnar collateral artery will anastomose with the anterior ulna recurrent artery

119
Q

radial side vascular supply of elbow joint

A

radial collateral artery will anastomose with the anterior ulna recurrent artery

middle collateral artery will anastomose with the interosseous recurrent artery

120
Q

innervation of elbow joint

A

branches of the musculocutaneous and radial nerves

some innervation by branches of the ulnar and median nerves

121
Q

olecranon bursae

A

intratendinous olecranon bursa

subtendinous olecranon bursa

subcutaneous olecranon bursa

122
Q

intratendinous olecranon bursa

A

sometimes present on the tendon of the triceps brachii

123
Q

subtendinous olecranon bursa

A

located b/w the olecranon and the triceps tendon (proximal to its attachment to the olecranon)

124
Q

subcutaneous olecranon bursa

A

located in the subcutaneous connective tissue over the olecranon

125
Q

bicipitoradial bursa

A

seperated the biceps tendon from the anterior part of the radial tuberosity

reduces abrasion against the anterior part of the radial tuberosity

Anatomy Exam 1 (15 decks)

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