Tissues (connective tissue)

Question 1

List the 9 different types of connective tissue

Answer 1

• The constituents of the extracellular matrix are classed as connective tissue (see below)
• Blood / bone marrow
• tendons
• Loose connective tissue
• Dense connective tissue- regular
• Dense connective tissue - irregular
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Adipose (fat)- exists across the body e.g. mesenteric fat around the gut and fat cells I bone marrow

Question 2

List the components of the extracellular matrix

Answer 2

1. Fibrous components (collagen and elastin)
2. reticular fibres
3. ground substance (jelly like)

Question 3

How much of our body weight does collagen make up?

Answer 3

30%

Question 4

Is collagen flexible?

Answer 4

Yes, collagen is inelastic but flexible

Question 5

What kind of strength does collagen possess

Answer 5

Tensile Strength

Question 6

How many different types of collagen are there?

Answer 6

19

Question 7

Where would you find type I collagen?

Answer 7

Tendons

Question 8

What is type III collagen otherwise known as?

Answer 8

reticulin (very fine fibres of collagen)

Question 9

Where would you find type IV collagen?

Answer 9

In the basal lamina (it is non fibrous)

Question 10

Briefly explain how collagen is produced

Answer 10

1. Fibroblasts secrete fibres (procollagenase) and colleganse enzyme
2. This enzyme winds the pre-collagen fibres into a triple helix to form a collagen fibril.
3. Many fibrils come together to form a collagen fibre.

Question 11

What is elastin and where can it be most commonly found?

Answer 11

Elastin is a protein mostly found in blood vessels

Question 12

Which blood vessel has the most elastin?

Answer 12

The aorta

Question 13

How much can elastin fibres stretch?

Answer 13

1.5X their size

Question 14

What are elastin fibres made up of?

Answer 14

Elastin fibers are made up of microfibrils and an amorphous (unshaped) component

Question 15

Are elastin fibres found in sheets or in fibres?

Answer 15

Sheets

Question 16

What is the ground substance (constituent of the extracellular matrix) made up of?

Answer 16

The ground substance is a semi-solid gel made up of tissue fluid, proteoglycans (carbohydrate with a protein attached to it) and glycoproteins (protein with a carbohydrate attached to it)

Question 17

Name the cell types PERMANENTLY found in loose connective tissue

Answer 17

• Fibroblasts
• Macrophages
• Adipocytes
• Mast cells
• Undifferentiated mesenchyme cells

Question 18

Name the cell that is found in loose connective tissue but not permanently

Answer 18

Transient white blood cells

Question 19

Name a dense regular connective tissue

Answer 19

Tendons

Question 20

Name a dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 20

Dermis of the skin

Question 21

What is the structural difference between regular and irregular connective tissue?

Answer 21

Regular- all cells are in parallel rows so that the structure can pull in one direction

Irregular- The cells are less structured so that they are able to move in more than one direction

Question 22

List 4 examples of abnormalities in connective tissue

Answer 22

1. Leukaemiain Blood / bone marrow
2. Loss of fibres and the presence of abnormal fibres in loose and dense connective tissue.
3. Cartilidge can tear
4. Osteoporosis in bone