Tissues (connective tissue) Flashcards
List the 9 different types of connective tissue
- The constituents of the extracellular matrix are classed as connective tissue (see below)
- Blood / bone marrow
- tendons
- Loose connective tissue
- Dense connective tissue- regular
- Dense connective tissue - irregular
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Adipose (fat)- exists across the body e.g. mesenteric fat around the gut and fat cells I bone marrow
List the components of the extracellular matrix
- Fibrous components (collagen and elastin)
- reticular fibres
- ground substance (jelly like)
How much of our body weight does collagen make up?
30%
Is collagen flexible?
Yes, collagen is inelastic but flexible
What kind of strength does collagen possess
Tensile Strength
How many different types of collagen are there?
19
Where would you find type I collagen?
Tendons
What is type III collagen otherwise known as?
reticulin (very fine fibres of collagen)
Where would you find type IV collagen?
In the basal lamina (it is non fibrous)
Briefly explain how collagen is produced
- Fibroblasts secrete fibres (procollagenase) and colleganse enzyme
- This enzyme winds the pre-collagen fibres into a triple helix to form a collagen fibril.
- Many fibrils come together to form a collagen fibre.
What is elastin and where can it be most commonly found?
Elastin is a protein mostly found in blood vessels
Which blood vessel has the most elastin?
The aorta
How much can elastin fibres stretch?
1.5X their size
What are elastin fibres made up of?
Elastin fibers are made up of microfibrils and an amorphous (unshaped) component
Are elastin fibres found in sheets or in fibres?
Sheets
What is the ground substance (constituent of the extracellular matrix) made up of?
The ground substance is a semi-solid gel made up of tissue fluid, proteoglycans (carbohydrate with a protein attached to it) and glycoproteins (protein with a carbohydrate attached to it)
Name the cell types PERMANENTLY found in loose connective tissue
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Adipocytes
- Mast cells
- Undifferentiated mesenchyme cells
Name the cell that is found in loose connective tissue but not permanently
Transient white blood cells
Name a dense regular connective tissue
Tendons
Name a dense irregular connective tissue
Dermis of the skin
What is the structural difference between regular and irregular connective tissue?
Regular- all cells are in parallel rows so that the structure can pull in one direction
Irregular- The cells are less structured so that they are able to move in more than one direction
List 4 examples of abnormalities in connective tissue
- Leukaemiain Blood / bone marrow
- Loss of fibres and the presence of abnormal fibres in loose and dense connective tissue.
- Cartilidge can tear
- Osteoporosis in bone
