Joints

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

A join is a union between two or more rigid components

Question 2

Give another word for a joint

Answer 2

An articulation is another word for a joint

Question 3

Name the three types of joint

Answer 3

1. Fibrous joint
2. Cartilaginous joint
3. Synovial joint

Question 4

What is a fibrous joint made from and what does it join together?

Answer 4

A fibrous joint is made of densely packed collagen fibres and connect two pieces of bone

Question 5

Do fibrous joints allow much movement?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Give three examples of a fibrous joint

Answer 6

1. peridontal ligament
2. Cranial Sutures
3. Interosseous membranes

Question 7

What is a cartiliginous joint made from?

Answer 7

Layers and layers of cartilage

Question 8

Name the two different types of cartiliginous joints

Answer 8

1. Synchondroses

2. Symphyses

Question 9

What is the difference between the synchondroses and the symphysis joint?

Answer 9

1. Synchondrosis joints allow for bone growth, it disappears in adults and it does not allow movement
2. Symphyses joints ossify with age, they are found in the midline of the body and they provide limited movement.

Question 10

Give an example of a synchondroses joint

Answer 10

e.g the join between ribs and the sternum

Question 11

Give an example of a symphyses joint

Answer 11

intervertebral disk

Question 12

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 12

A join between bone and cartilage

Question 13

Which type of joint provides the greatest range of movement?

Answer 13

Synovial joint

Question 14

Name the 4 features found in every synovial joint

Answer 14

1. Fibrous capsule
2. Synovial fluid
3. Synovial membrane (produces synovial fluid)
4. Synovial cavity (filled with synovial fluid)

Question 15

Name the 6 different kinds of synovial joint found in the human body

Answer 15

1. Hinge (knee)
2. Saddle (carpals in wrist)
3. Plane (e.g. joint of clavicle and scapula)
4. Pivot (e.g. axis & atlas)
5. Condylar/ellipsoid (Condyloid joints are found at the base of the fingers)
6. Ball and socket (e.g. hip)

Question 16

What happens to the stability of a joint as movement increases?

Answer 16

The more motile a joint is, the less stable it is

Question 17

Why does the knee flex in a different direction to the elbow?

Answer 17

In week 7 of embryonic life, the limbs undergo rotation (upper limbs rotate laterally (outwards) and the lower limbs rotate medically (inwards))

Question 18

What is an anastomoses and why is it a good thing around joints?

Answer 18

Anastomoses are common around joints (branches of blood vessels reconnecting) which is good because it means that the blood flow can take lots of alternative routes. This means that when flexion occurs and certain blood vessels are cut off, the blood can take an alternative route.

Question 19

what is proprioception?

Answer 19

Proprioception- It is the sense of the location of different body parts (e.g. when you go to touch your nose with your finger, you know where it is)

Question 20

Where in the body can you find proprioceptors?

Answer 20

Proprioceptors (sensory neurones that are responsible for proprioception are located in muscles, tendons and JOINT CAPSULES!

Question 21

What is Hilton’s law?

Answer 21

• Hilton’s law; The nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a certain joint, also innervates this joint