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Yr9 biology > Tissues and organs, digestive system, enzymes > Flashcards

Tissues and organs, digestive system, enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

The smallest part of a living organism

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2
Q

2 Examples of cells in a plant

A

Palisade cell

Root hair cell

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3
Q

2 Examples of cells in an animal

A

Nerve cell

Sperm cell

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4
Q

2 Examples of tissues in a plant

A

Xylem

Phloem

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5
Q

2 Examples of tissues in an animal

A

Epithelial

Muscular

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6
Q

Tissue

A

a group of similar cells carrying out a function

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7
Q

Organ

A

Group of different tissues carrying out a function

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8
Q

2 Examples of organs in a plant

A

leaf

stem

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9
Q

2 Examples of organs in an animal

A

heart

brain

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10
Q

Organ system

A

Different organs carrying out a function

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11
Q

Organ system in a plant

A

Reproductive system

Water transport

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12
Q

Organ systems in an animal

A

Digestive system

Respiratory system

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13
Q

Organism

A

Different organ system carrying out a function

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14
Q

smooth epithelial tissue

A

linear inside+ outside of organs

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15
Q

Muscular tissues

A

contracts+ relaxes to allow movement

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16
Q

Glandular tissue

A

Secretes hormones, enzymes+ other substances from glands

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of digestion

A

Mechanical

Chemical

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18
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Using teeth only

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19
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Using enzymes

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20
Q

Digestive system s function

A

Breaks down larger molecules to smaller molecules.

21
Q

What 3 things enzymes do

A

Break substances down e.g digestion
Builds things up e.g amino acids
turn one substance directly to another

22
Q

Mouth

A

Both mechanical and chemical digestion
Mechanical- teeth
Chemical- contains saliva, which contains amylase

23
Q

Esophagus

A

The tube connecting to mouth to the stomach

24
Q

Stomach

A

Contains muscle tissues- churns food
Has a high quantity of hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and gives the right PH for some enzymes
The stomach has a lining of mucus which prevents HCL from damaging the stomach lining

25
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorbs excess water

where undigested food reaches

26
Q

Small intestine

A

Absorbs nutrients via the villi
Villi- Large surface area to maximize absorption
Thin walls mean short diffusion pathways
The network of capillaries maintains the concentration of gradient

27
Q

Rectum

A

Stores feces

28
Q

Anus

A

Ring of muscle that allows faeces to leave the body( sphincter muscle)

29
Q

Pancreas

A

Makes digestive enzymes

30
Q

Protease

A

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

31
Q

Lipase

A

Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

32
Q

Carbohydrate/ amylase

A

Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars( glycerol)

33
Q

What does the liver make?

A

Makes bile

34
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores bile

35
Q

Bile

A

Green/ yellow alkali solution
Function: emulsifies( breaks down) fats into tiny drops. Increase surface area
Neutralizes stomach acid
Gives the right PH for enzymes

36
Q

pepsin is made by the … and it…

A

Stomach

Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides

37
Q

Peristalsis

A

movement of food in the gut

38
Q

Bolus

A

Food mixed with saliva

39
Q

Where is protease made

A

stomach, pancreas, small intestine

40
Q

Where is Lipase made

A

Pancreas, small intestine

41
Q

Where is Amylase made

A

Salivary glands, pancreas

42
Q

Where does protease work?

A

stomach, small intestine

43
Q

Where does lipase work?

A

intestine

44
Q

Where does amylase work?

A

Mouth, small intestine

45
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts
They increase the rate of reactions
each enzyme has different shapes and work at different conditions
Within the shape is indentation known as the active site
Only a type of substrate fits into the shape of the substrate molecules.
If the shape of the enzyme changes, its active sites may no longer work. We say enzymes have been denatured.

46
Q

Pathogen

A

Anything that causes disease

47
Q

Enzymes denature when:

A

Proteins bond break
Active site changes shape
The substrate can t fit
Reaction not catalysed

48
Q

What denatures an enzyme?

A

PH

tempreature

49
Q

What affects rate of reactions?

A 
Temperature
Concentration of reactants
PH
Surface area
Pressure

Yr9 biology (7 decks)

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