Cell divison

Question 1

Long-form of DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

How many chromoseomes do humans have

Answer 2

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs

Question 3

Chromosomes made up of…

Answer 3

coiled strands of DNA molecules

Question 4

How many genes do humans have

Answer 4

around 24000

Question 5

Genes control

Answer 5

charecteristics

Question 6

Name the baselines:

Answer 6

Adenine( A)
Thymine( T)
Cytosine( C)
Guanine(G)
Uracil( U)

Question 7

Name the parts from a cell to… largest to smallest

Answer 7

Cell
Nucleus
Chromosomes
DNA
Genes

Question 8

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 8

Protein

Question 9

xy=

Answer 9

male

Question 10

xx=

Answer 10

female

Question 11

x

Answer 11

female

Question 12

y

Answer 12

male

Question 13

Homologous

Answer 13

A pair of chromosomes that have the same genes

Question 14

Haploid

Answer 14

23 chromosomes

Question 15

Diploid

Answer 15

Double of 23 so all chromosomes

Question 16

Down’s syndrome

Answer 16

Reduced muscle tone leading to floppiness( hypotona)
eyes that slant upwards and outwards
a small mouth  with a protruding tongue
a flat back of the head
below-average weight and length at birth

Question 17

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 17

Effects on female
results in low growth and development
unfertile- cannot be a mother

Question 18

Why do we need cell division

Answer 18

The organism is growing
new cells are needed to replace worn-out cells
new cells are needed to replace damaged cells

Question 19

What does the cell cycle consist of in order

Answer 19

Interphace
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis

Question 20

The longest stage in the cell cycle is…

Answer 20

Interphase

Question 21

What stages make up mitosis

Answer 21

Prophase
Metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 22

Mitosis

Answer 22

forms 2 genetically identical cells
1 parent cell only
Asexual
Does not involve the fusion of gametes
1 cell diffusion only
new cells have 46 chromosomes

Question 23

How are gametes produced

Answer 23

by mitosis

Question 24

Cancer is when

Answer 24

the cell cycle does not stop

Question 25

Interphase

Answer 25

Cell is getting ready to divide DNA will duplicate Subcellular structure grow Subcellular= what is inside the cell

Question 26

Prophase

Answer 26

There are chromosomes in the cell nuclear membrane breaks down DNA forms into x shaped chromosomes

Question 27

Metaphase

Answer 27

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Spindel fibres form from the centrioles Attach to the centromine

Question 28

Anaphase

Answer 28

Spindle fibres pull sister chromatids apart to opposite ends of thee cell

Question 29

Telophase

Answer 29

Nuclear membrane reforms around the 2 sets of chromosomes | Cytoplasm begans to punch inwards

Question 30

Cytokinesis

Answer 30

Cytoplasm splits | 2 identical daughter cells form identical to the parent cells

Question 31

A ... ( a fertilized egg cell) divides by ... into an embryo. It is made from... (unspecialised) cells called... stem cells

Answer 31

Zygote Mitosis Undefferentiated stem cells

Question 32

Why do stem cells turn into specialised cells

Answer 32

different genes get turned on different cells

Question 33

Adult stem cells

Answer 33

Cells that can differentiate to limited things

Question 34

Animal cells ... at an early stage while plant cells...

Answer 34

differentiate | retain the ability to specialize throughout their life

Question 35

Meristem

Answer 35

elongates after cell division so plants can get taller

Question 36

Stem cells are currently used to

Answer 36

grow and repair organs

Question 37

Thereupatic cloning

Answer 37

Can be used to grow and repair organs

Question 38

why people don t like thereupatic cloning

Answer 38

because they think they are playing god for some reason

Question 39

Advantages of embryonic stem cells

Answer 39

Ability to differentiate into any specialised cell Get stem cells from fertility clinics- when women want to abortion Cures diseases

Question 40

Disadvantages of embryonic stem cells

Answer 40

Potentially killing a life- if it does not have enough Chance of possible rejection- they are not yours risk of contamination could result in cancer you can only access them during pregnancy they don't differentiate after you are 'born'.

Question 41

Advantages of a adult stem cell

Answer 41

can help cure disease body can t reject them because they are from your own body cheaper than embryonic cell permission given/ consent

Question 42

Disadvantages of adult stem cells

Answer 42

can only turn into certain cells can t use someone else's painful

Question 43

Advantages of meristem cells

Answer 43

can clone

Question 44

Chromosome

Answer 44

Very small X shaped objects carrying genes

Question 45

Gene

Answer 45

Unit of inheritance that are made out of DNA, they determine our physical charecteristics

Question 46

DNA

Answer 46

Complex chemical molecule carrying the different codes needed for different proteins to be made.