Tissues and organs and Transport system in plants, transpiration and evaporation

Question 1

Leaves

Answer 1

The structure is the site of photosynthesis

Question 2

Roots

Answer 2

This structure is needed for the absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil

Question 3

Stem

Answer 3

The structure is needed to support the leaves and the flowers of the plant.

Question 4

Xylem and phloem are the… tissues in the plant

Answer 4

transport

Question 5

Xylem

Answer 5

Made up of dead cells cause of lignin
Are hallow cause of lignin
Has lignin to support the cell( against osmotic pressure)
The substances only go up
Transports minerals and water

Question 6

Phloem

Answer 6

Made up of living cells
Has sieve plates that allow glucose to go wherever they want
Has companion cells to give energy
Transports sugars

Question 7

Translocation

Answer 7

Movement of glucose

Question 8

Transpiration

Answer 8

Movement of water through plants

Question 9

Meristems

Answer 9

Found in the roots and shoots of the cell and help to grow in height

Question 10

What are the cross-sections of a plant

From up to down

Answer 10

Upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Lower epidermis

Question 11

Upper epidermis

Answer 11

Waxy- cuticle prevent water loss
Wide and broad- large surface area- maximizes photosynthesis
Thin- absorbs maximum sunlight

Question 12

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 12

Packed with palisade cell in long columns to maximize photosynthesis
Contains lots of chloroplasts so they have lots of chlorophyll which uses sunlight to start photosynthesis

Question 13

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 13

Has gaps- allows the diffusion of gases inside the leaf

Xylem and phloem found here

Question 14

Lower epidermis

Answer 14

Contains guard cell- these open and close to control the exposure of the stomata
Stomata- the site of gas exchange( CO2 in and O out)
Guard cells during humid and windy and extreme heat conditions
Humidity and strong wind can cause a plant to lose water vapour via transpiration

Question 15

Transpiration

Answer 15

Losing of water in a plant

Question 16

What causes guard cells to open

Answer 16

When a plant gets water, It causes the vacuole to become plum- Turgid
This means the vacuole is pushing against the cell wall
The inner walls between the 2 guard cells are rigid
When the 2 turgid guard cells will push against each other, causing them to open
Stomata is ezposed

Question 17

How does water move?

Answer 17

Water moves up by the transportation pull of the transpiration stream

Question 18

Glucose changes to… before travelling in the phloem

Answer 18

sucrose

Question 19

Why do plants need sugars?

Answer 19

Cells need sugars for respiration as it is providing material for growth

Question 20

Why do plants need mineral ions?

Answer 20

Mineral ions are needed for the productions of proteins and other molecules in the cell

Question 21

Why do plants need water?

Answer 21

Water is needed for photosynthesis, it is also needed to ensure that the plant can hold itself upright

Question 22

Transpiration

Answer 22

Is the loss of water in a plant

Question 23

Water is…

Answer 23

pulled up by the transpiration pull via the transpiration stream inside the xylem

Question 24

Transpiration is affected by:

Answer 24

heat
humidity
temperature
wind

Question 25

what happens when water is taken into the guard cell?

Answer 25

by osmosis this results in turgidy of the guard cells as they fill and bend this opens the stomata

Question 26

How does this affect transpiration: light intensity

Answer 26

Higher light enetensity means more photosynthesis meaning the stomata will open to get CO2 more resulting in more transpiration

Question 27

How does this affect transpiration: humidity

Answer 27

If more humid, then the stomata will open less. The concentration gradient will be more steep. Water will move off surface more quickly. So rate of transpiration will decrease.

Question 28

How does this affect transpiration: temperature

Answer 28

higher the temp the more transpiration because the temp. cause of sunlight, so when sunlight more photosynthesis. Stomata will open to allow CO2 so more transpiration. More temp. means molecules will move faster so more transpiration

Question 29

How does this affect transpiration: wind

Answer 29

If a plant is in windy condition it means more wind which will increase rate of evaporation from the surface of the leaf, so water molecules will be taken away more easily. This will increase the rate of transpiration