Communicable diseases Flashcards by Lakshdeep Kaur

What is the first line of defense

Skin

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Why are tears important

enzyme in tears to prevent pathogens entering

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Where are the ciliated ephitelial cell placed?

Nose

Throat

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Why are celiated d epithelial cells important?

Mucus- traps pathogens( dirt and microbes)

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What does saliva contain

antibacterial enzymes

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What properties does the skin have?

Covers all of our body

Antimicrobial properties- stops from bacteria growing

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What happens in the stomack?

HCl

kills bacteria

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Why platelets important?

Cluts blood- stops pathogens from entering the body

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What is the 2nd line of defense?

Immune system

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pathogen

microorganism that causes disease

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E.g of a pathogen

Protist
virus
bacteria
fungi

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Good bacteria benefits

Helps with digestion
Produces vitamins
Kills bad bacteria

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Not all … and … are pathogens but all… are pathogens

Bacteria
Fugi
Viruses

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Bacteria

Produces toxins that damage tissues and make us ill
Replicate every 20 min by asexual reproduction
Binary fission
Damage tissue cells
Live outside of cells

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Virus

Enter cells
Can’t reproduce on its own
Infects its DNA into host causing the host to make its copies
Cells burst due to overload of viruses

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Transmission

When a pathogen spreads from on organism to another

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Ways of transmission

Vectors
Unhygene
Bodily fluids
Sharing drugs needles
Airborne 
Through water particles
Mothers to the unborn baby

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Can a mothers and baby s blood mix and if ti does what are the consequences

The baby will die as the mother’s immune system will kill the baby

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How is bacteria used in industrial processes

Making yoghurt, cheese…
medicines
Breaking down waste

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Binary fission

Asexual process which does not require the exchanging of sex organs
Prokaryote cells use this
The cells make copies of its genetic material before splitting into 2 daughter cells
In night condition will replicate every 20 mins

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What happens when many harmful bacteria come in body

Rapidly multiply
Begin releasing poisons or toxins
Damage cells
That makes us feel ill

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What kind of pathogen is Salmonella

Bacteria

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What kind of pathogen is Gonorrhea

Bacteria

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What kind of pathogen is Crown Galls

Bacteria

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What kind of pathogen is Measles

Viruses

What kind of pathogen is Tobbaco Mosaic Virus

Virus

What kind of pathogen is HIV or AIDS

Virus

What kind of pathogen is Rose black spot

Fungus

What kind of pathogen is Malaria

Protist

What are the effects on body of Salmonella

Pain Confusion Disrupts digestive system

Symptoms of Salmonella

Fever Cramp Vomiting Diarrhea

What is the prevention of Diarrhea

Improve food hygiene Wash hands Vaccinate poultry Cook food thoroughly

How is Salmonella transmitted

Food being prepared in unhygienic conditions

Can someone die with salmonella

Yes the really young and the old

How is Salmonella transmitted

Food being prepared in unhygienic conditions

Can someone die with salmonella

Yes the really young and the old

Effects on body by Gonorrhea

Can cause infertelity

Symptoms on Gonorrhea

Green discharge from penis or vagina

Prevention and cure of Gonorrhea

Use condoms and treat infected people with antibiotics

How is Gonorrhea transmitted

Direct sexual contact or body fluids

What happens when a baby comes out while a mother has gonorrhea

Blind he s born blind

Effects on body of Crow Galls

Growth in roots and shoots

Symptoms of Crow Galls

Growth in areas of plant at roots and shoots

Cure of Crow Galls

Cut out the infected part | Sometimes need to pull out all of the whole and resoil it

How is Crow Galls transmitted

The soils become affected

Effects on body of measles

Severe brain damage

Symptoms of measles

Fever | Red skin rash

Prevention of measles

Vaccination

Hoe are meales transmiited

Droplet infection from sneezes and coughs

Measles can be... if complications occur

fatal

Effects on plant of Tobbaco Mosaic virus

Reduces photosynthesis

Symptoms of Tobbaco Mosaic virus

Leave mossaic like patterns

Prevention/ cure to Tobbaco Mosaic virus

Cut the infected area | Use pest control

How is Tobbaco Mosaic virus transmitted

Wounds in epidermis caused by pests

Effects on body by HIV or AIDS

Attacks immune system

Prevention/ cure to HIV or AIDS

Anti retroviral drugs: Preventing turning into AIDS Live normal life expactency Use of condom

Prevention/ cure to HIV or AIDS

Anti retroviral drugs Preventing turning into AIDS Live normal life expactency Use of condom

HIV or AIDS is transmitted...

through bodily fluids and direct sexual contact

Full form of HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

Full form of AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Effects on body of Rose black spot

Effects photosynthesis which effects growth

Symptoms of Rose black spot

Purple black spots on leaves

Prevention / cure to Rose black spot

Remove infected leaves and spray with fungicide Burn it Cutting shoots in spring burning the cut stems

How is Rose black spot transmitted

Spores carried via wind/ water

What effects does Malaria have on body

Livure failure | Damages RBC goes all around body

Symptoms of Malaria

Headdaches Tiredness Recurrent fever

Prevention/ cure of Malaria

Prevent breeding of mosquitoes or use a nest to prevent being bitten

How is Malaria transmitted?

By a vector from an infected person

The Lytic Pathway

The virus attaches itself to a specific host cell The genetic material from the virus is injected into the cell The virus uses proteins and enzymes in the host to make lots of copies of itself This eventually causes the cell to split open and release the new viruses

Fungus need... and... condition to grow

warm and wet

Antigen

Protein receptor found on the surface of a pathogen

What do microbes do

Cause enzymes to split open the pathogen 's cell membrane Make it easier for pathogens to find the pathogen Make the pathogen stick together

Specific...are needed for a specific virus

antibodies

Each... make specific type of antibody

Lymhocyte

What happens if your body does not know which antibodiess are needed to destroy virus

Get ill | or die

Phagocyte

Type of WBC that engulf pathogens

Lymphocyte

White blood cells that live in the lymph nodes

Antitoxins

Proteins that neutralise toxins that are produced by bacteria. They are made by lymphocytes.

Macrophage

Larger phagocyte

T&B cells are types of

Lympchytes

some of the cells around the wound ... ... that act as a ... to tell phagocytes that phagocytes are needed

secrete chemicals | signal

More blood flows to ... ... bringing.. with them. | The wound becames... and...

infected site phagocytes inflamed red

Memory cells:

Type of lymphocyte, that remains in blood and remember particular antigen

Lymphocytes made by

bone marrow

T- lymphocytes

Recognise antigens on pathogens and either attack them directly or co-ordinate the activity of other cells of immune system

B- lymphocytes

Recognise antigens and produce special chemicals called antibodies