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Yr9 biology > Communicable diseases > Flashcards

Communicable diseases Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the first line of defense

A

Skin

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2
Q

Why are tears important

A

enzyme in tears to prevent pathogens entering

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3
Q

Where are the ciliated ephitelial cell placed?

A

Nose

Throat

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4
Q

Why are celiated d epithelial cells important?

A

Mucus- traps pathogens( dirt and microbes)

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5
Q

What does saliva contain

A

antibacterial enzymes

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6
Q

What properties does the skin have?

A

Covers all of our body

Antimicrobial properties- stops from bacteria growing

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7
Q

What happens in the stomack?

A

HCl

kills bacteria

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8
Q

Why platelets important?

A

Cluts blood- stops pathogens from entering the body

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9
Q

What is the 2nd line of defense?

A

Immune system

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10
Q

pathogen

A

microorganism that causes disease

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11
Q

E.g of a pathogen

A

Protist
virus
bacteria
fungi

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12
Q

Good bacteria benefits

A

Helps with digestion
Produces vitamins
Kills bad bacteria

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13
Q

Not all … and … are pathogens but all… are pathogens

A

Bacteria
Fugi
Viruses

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14
Q

Bacteria

A

Produces toxins that damage tissues and make us ill
Replicate every 20 min by asexual reproduction
Binary fission
Damage tissue cells
Live outside of cells

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15
Q

Virus

A

Enter cells
Can’t reproduce on its own
Infects its DNA into host causing the host to make its copies
Cells burst due to overload of viruses

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16
Q

Transmission

A

When a pathogen spreads from on organism to another

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17
Q

Ways of transmission

A 
Vectors
Unhygene
Bodily fluids
Sharing drugs needles
Airborne 
Through water particles
Mothers to the unborn baby
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18
Q

Can a mothers and baby s blood mix and if ti does what are the consequences

A

No

The baby will die as the mother’s immune system will kill the baby

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19
Q

How is bacteria used in industrial processes

A

Making yoghurt, cheese…
medicines
Breaking down waste

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20
Q

Binary fission

A

Asexual process which does not require the exchanging of sex organs
Prokaryote cells use this
The cells make copies of its genetic material before splitting into 2 daughter cells
In night condition will replicate every 20 mins

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21
Q

What happens when many harmful bacteria come in body

A

Rapidly multiply
Begin releasing poisons or toxins
Damage cells
That makes us feel ill

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22
Q

What kind of pathogen is Salmonella

A

Bacteria

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23
Q

What kind of pathogen is Gonorrhea

A

Bacteria

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24
Q

What kind of pathogen is Crown Galls

A

Bacteria

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25
Q

What kind of pathogen is Measles

A

Viruses

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26
Q

What kind of pathogen is Tobbaco Mosaic Virus

A

Virus

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27
Q

What kind of pathogen is HIV or AIDS

A

Virus

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28
Q

What kind of pathogen is Rose black spot

A

Fungus

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29
Q

What kind of pathogen is Malaria

A

Protist

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30
Q

What are the effects on body of Salmonella

A

Pain
Confusion
Disrupts digestive system

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31
Q

Symptoms of Salmonella

A

Fever
Cramp
Vomiting
Diarrhea

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32
Q

What is the prevention of Diarrhea

A

Improve food hygiene
Wash hands
Vaccinate poultry
Cook food thoroughly

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33
Q

How is Salmonella transmitted

A

Food being prepared in unhygienic conditions

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34
Q

Can someone die with salmonella

A

Yes the really young and the old

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35
Q

How is Salmonella transmitted

A

Food being prepared in unhygienic conditions

36
Q

Can someone die with salmonella

A

Yes the really young and the old

37
Q

Effects on body by Gonorrhea

A

Can cause infertelity

38
Q

Symptoms on Gonorrhea

A

Green discharge from penis or vagina

39
Q

Prevention and cure of Gonorrhea

A

Use condoms and treat infected people with antibiotics

40
Q

How is Gonorrhea transmitted

A

Direct sexual contact or body fluids

41
Q

What happens when a baby comes out while a mother has gonorrhea

A

Blind he s born blind

42
Q

Effects on body of Crow Galls

A

Growth in roots and shoots

43
Q

Symptoms of Crow Galls

A

Growth in areas of plant at roots and shoots

44
Q

Cure of Crow Galls

A

Cut out the infected part

Sometimes need to pull out all of the whole and resoil it

45
Q

How is Crow Galls transmitted

A

The soils become affected

46
Q

Effects on body of measles

A

Severe brain damage

47
Q

Symptoms of measles

A

Fever

Red skin rash

48
Q

Prevention of measles

A

Vaccination

49
Q

Hoe are meales transmiited

A

Droplet infection from sneezes and coughs

50
Q

Measles can be… if complications occur

A

fatal

51
Q

Effects on plant of Tobbaco Mosaic virus

A

Reduces photosynthesis

52
Q

Symptoms of Tobbaco Mosaic virus

A

Leave mossaic like patterns

53
Q

Prevention/ cure to Tobbaco Mosaic virus

A

Cut the infected area

Use pest control

54
Q

How is Tobbaco Mosaic virus transmitted

A

Wounds in epidermis caused by pests

55
Q

Effects on body by HIV or AIDS

A

Attacks immune system

56
Q

Prevention/ cure to HIV or AIDS

A

Anti retroviral drugs: Preventing turning into AIDS
Live normal life expactency
Use of condom

57
Q

Prevention/ cure to HIV or AIDS

A

Anti retroviral drugs
Preventing turning into AIDS
Live normal life expactency
Use of condom

58
Q

HIV or AIDS is transmitted…

A

through bodily fluids and direct sexual contact

59
Q

Full form of HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

60
Q

Full form of AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

61
Q

Effects on body of Rose black spot

A

Effects photosynthesis which effects growth

62
Q

Symptoms of Rose black spot

A

Purple black spots on leaves

63
Q

Prevention / cure to Rose black spot

A

Remove infected leaves and spray with fungicide
Burn it
Cutting shoots in spring burning the cut stems

64
Q

How is Rose black spot transmitted

A

Spores carried via wind/ water

65
Q

What effects does Malaria have on body

A

Livure failure

Damages RBC goes all around body

66
Q

Symptoms of Malaria

A

Headdaches
Tiredness
Recurrent fever

67
Q

Prevention/ cure of Malaria

A

Prevent breeding of mosquitoes or use a nest to prevent being bitten

68
Q

How is Malaria transmitted?

A

By a vector from an infected person

69
Q

The Lytic Pathway

A

The virus attaches itself to a specific host cell
The genetic material from the virus is injected into the cell
The virus uses proteins and enzymes in the host to make lots of copies of itself
This eventually causes the cell to split open and release the new viruses

70
Q

Fungus need… and… condition to grow

A

warm and wet

71
Q

Antigen

A

Protein receptor found on the surface of a pathogen

72
Q

What do microbes do

A

Cause enzymes to split open the pathogen ‘s cell membrane
Make it easier for pathogens to find the pathogen
Make the pathogen stick together

73
Q

Specific…are needed for a specific virus

A

antibodies

74
Q

Each… make specific type of antibody

A

Lymhocyte

75
Q

What happens if your body does not know which antibodiess are needed to destroy virus

A

Get ill

or die

76
Q

Phagocyte

A

Type of WBC that engulf pathogens

77
Q

Lymphocyte

A

White blood cells that live in the lymph nodes

78
Q

Antitoxins

A

Proteins that neutralise toxins that are produced by bacteria. They are made by lymphocytes.

79
Q

Macrophage

A

Larger phagocyte

80
Q

T&B cells are types of

A

Lympchytes

81
Q

some of the cells around the wound … … that act as a … to tell phagocytes that phagocytes are needed

A

secrete chemicals

signal

82
Q

More blood flows to … … bringing.. with them.

The wound becames… and…

A

infected site
phagocytes
inflamed
red

83
Q

Memory cells:

A

Type of lymphocyte, that remains in blood and remember particular antigen

84
Q

Lymphocytes made by

A

bone marrow

85
Q

T- lymphocytes

A

Recognise antigens on pathogens and either attack them directly or co-ordinate the activity of other cells of immune system

86
Q

B- lymphocytes

A

Recognise antigens and produce special chemicals called antibodies

Yr9 biology (7 decks)

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