Tissues and Communication (couldnt be me) Flashcards
What are the ways for epithelium cells layer?
- Simple (1 layer)
- Stratified
- Pseudostratified
Pseudostratified vs Stratified
Stratified - stack on top of each other
Pseudostratified - Have different levels of nucleus, vertical
What are the three shapes of epithelial cells?
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
External structure of epithelia
Top/Apical: Have microvilli, Extends plasma membrane to increase SA
Bottom/Basal: Always sit on connective tissue, specifically on top of cellular matrix (contains fibres and minerals, salts), have basal lamina at the bottom of matrix as a foundation
Desmosome
A plaque/hole that is on the membrane of each epithelial cell
How is the desmosome structured to connect epithelial cells?
On the top side, the there are desmosome plaques in each side of epithelial cells that is connected by connective protein located in the space between 2 cells and intermediate filaments that extends within the cell
Hemidesmosome
Partial desmosome
Where is the hemidesmosome located?
On the bottom/base of epithelial cells
What is the hemidesmosome used for?
It acts as a junction and adhesive property between the epithelia and basal lamina
Function of basal lamina
Helps hold back cancerous cells through holding back metastasis
Primary tumors: basal lamina still intact to hold cancer cells
Components of connective tissue
1.Fibers
2. Cells
3. Ground substance
What is the term used to describe fibers and ground substance?
Extracellular matrix
What makes the basal dense in epithelial cell? Why?
The extracellular matrix. Because there is not much cells, the fibers and ground substance makes a dense matrix that can be stuck on to
Three types of muscle tissue
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Which muscle have striated unbranched fibers?
Skeletal
What are the two muscles that is involuntary?
Cardiac and smooth muscles
Intercalated disc
The part of the muscle that acts as a junction for electrical impulses to move along the cells
What does the intercalated disc contain?
Desmosome and gap junction
Hypothalamus-pituitary interaction in a stress stimuli
- Hypothalamus receives stress stimuli
- Hypothalamus releases corticotrophin-releasing hormones (CRH)
- Uses the hypophysial portal system to go into bloodstream
- Bloodstream connects to pituitary gland which then stimulates pituitary to release ACTH
- ACTH goes around the body to activate cells
- When it reaches the adrenal cortex , the adrenal medulla releases cortisol
- Cortisol then goes into the fat and protein supplies
