DNA/RNA Transcription

Question 1

Pyrophosphate

Answer 1

2 phosphate released

Question 2

DNA polymerase 3

Answer 2

Replicates DNA strand 5’-3’

Question 3

DNA polymerase 1

Answer 3

Removes RNA primers and replace with DNA
Checks any faults

Question 4

Gyrase (Topoisomerase enzyme)

Answer 4

Reduces torsional strain and stops supercoiling

Question 5

DNA ligase

Answer 5

Joins DNA fragments together
Uses phosphodiester bond

Question 6

Helicase

Answer 6

Breaks hydrogen bonds
Unwinds DNA strand

Question 7

RNA primase

Answer 7

Makes primers as a starting for DNA polymerase 3

Question 8

ssBP (single-stranded binding proteins)

Answer 8

Prevents DNA from re-annealing
Stabilises the single-strand DNA

Question 9

Promoter region

Answer 9

Region where polymerase/ sigma factor binds to start transcribing

Question 10

Transcription factors (sigma factor)

Answer 10

Proteins that can recognise base sequence for polymerase

Question 11

Consensus seqeuence

Answer 11

The position for promoters having specific sequences for the sigma factor/DNA polymerase to bind to

Question 12

Consensus regiosn

Answer 12

-10 and -35

Question 13

TATA region

Answer 13

Located in -10
Usually the starting point for transcription for polymerase

Question 14

Initiation

Answer 14

Start of transcribing
Transcription factor leavs as polymerase transcribes

Question 15

+1 region

Answer 15

first RNA nucleotide to be transcribed (downstream)

Question 16

Elongation

Answer 16

Strands behind the transcription complex reanneals
5’-3’ direction

Question 17

Termination

Answer 17

Polymerase reaches end of RNA primer and is released form the strand
Polymerase 1 used to replace primer with DNA and ligase to join the fragment

Question 18

The consensus sequence determines….

Answer 18

the binding strength of the sigma factor/polymerase on DNA

Question 19

Strong binding means that transcription in that region is….

Answer 19

often

Question 20

Repressor protein

Answer 20

Binds on the binding site on the DNA to prevent transcription

Question 21

Transcriptional activator (accelerator)

Answer 21

Protein that modifies the shape of DNA to allow frequent binding

Question 22

Metabolites….

Answer 22

Can control the presence of accelerators and repressors by binding to them

Question 23

Eukaryotic transcription differ in….

Answer 23

having the need to consider on epigenetic regulation and having more transcription factors

Question 24

Terminator region

Answer 24

G/C rich region