DNA/RNA Transcription Flashcards
Transcription ONLY key words
Pyrophosphate
2 phosphate released
DNA polymerase 3
Replicates DNA strand 5’-3’
DNA polymerase 1
Removes RNA primers and replace with DNA
Checks any faults
Gyrase (Topoisomerase enzyme)
Reduces torsional strain and stops supercoiling
DNA ligase
Joins DNA fragments together
Uses phosphodiester bond
Helicase
Breaks hydrogen bonds
Unwinds DNA strand
RNA primase
Makes primers as a starting for DNA polymerase 3
ssBP (single-stranded binding proteins)
Prevents DNA from re-annealing
Stabilises the single-strand DNA
Promoter region
Region where polymerase/ sigma factor binds to start transcribing
Transcription factors (sigma factor)
Proteins that can recognise base sequence for polymerase
Consensus seqeuence
The position for promoters having specific sequences for the sigma factor/DNA polymerase to bind to
Consensus regiosn
-10 and -35
TATA region
Located in -10
Usually the starting point for transcription for polymerase
Initiation
Start of transcribing
Transcription factor leavs as polymerase transcribes
+1 region
first RNA nucleotide to be transcribed (downstream)
Elongation
Strands behind the transcription complex reanneals
5’-3’ direction
Termination
Polymerase reaches end of RNA primer and is released form the strand
Polymerase 1 used to replace primer with DNA and ligase to join the fragment
The consensus sequence determines….
the binding strength of the sigma factor/polymerase on DNA
Strong binding means that transcription in that region is….
often
Repressor protein
Binds on the binding site on the DNA to prevent transcription
Transcriptional activator (accelerator)
Protein that modifies the shape of DNA to allow frequent binding
Metabolites….
Can control the presence of accelerators and repressors by binding to them
Eukaryotic transcription differ in….
having the need to consider on epigenetic regulation and having more transcription factors
Terminator region
G/C rich region
