Cell Diversity and Evolution Flashcards
What does fibrous proteins usually do in a cell?
It helps act as a transport trail for vesicles like train tracks around the cell
What does globular proteins usually do in a cell?
It is likely to be the protein filled with charges which helps attract water. This makes the cell more viscous
What is the cell wall in prokaryotes made out of?
Peptidoglycans
How does bacteria differ from archaea in terms of structure?
Archaea does not have peptidoglycan as their cell wall but rather mainly carbohydrate
What is the precursor of every steroid hormone?
Pregnenolone
How did DNA become membrane bound?
In ancient prokaryotic cells, the DNA is attached to the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane inverted and engulfs around the DNA
Small review: Peptide vs Steroid hormone
Peptide - polar, bind receptors on the cell membrane to relay message, uses second messenger systems, fast onset
Steroid - nonpolar, require carrier proteins to travel in blood, bind to intracellular receptors to change the gene expression directly
How was the endoplasmic reticulum formed?
Membrane-bound ribosome followed to invert with the DNA but instead being engulfed, the ribosome is attached to the plasma reticulum to make a pocket.
Was the ancient eukaryotic cell anaerobic or aerobic?
It was first anaerobic before engulfing an aerobic respiring prokaryotic cell that became known as mitochondria today
How does DNA-protein interaction happens?
The nuclear wall have pores which allows the exchange of information and since the ER reticulum is near the nucleus, transcription genes can easily go out to the membrane-bound ribosomes in ER reticulum if needed.
