Tissues

Question 1

functions of epithelial polarity

Answer 1

trans epithelial transport
synthesis and secretion
protection
generation of movement across apical surface (cilia)

Question 2

cellular components of tendons

Answer 2

tenoblasts (immature) and tenocytes

also some chondrocytes

Question 3

ecm structure of tendons

Answer 3

type 1 collagen (tensile strength) and proteoglycan (viscoelastic nature)
collagen fibres run parallel or with a little crossing over
polypeptide chains -> tropocollagen -> microfibril -> fibril -> fibres -> fascicles

Question 4

tendon function

Answer 4

attach to muscles and bones
transit large mechanical force
transmit force generated from the muscle to the bone to elicit movement

Question 5

what are ligaments

Answer 5

short bands of tough, flexible tissue that connect bones together

Question 6

ligament function

Answer 6

provide a passive limit to the amount of movement between bones

Question 7

structure of ligaments

Answer 7

• collagen fibres, arranged in parallel bundles, attached to the periosteum of bones
• also contain fibroblasts to secrete matrix

Question 8

what is an aponeurosis

Answer 8

type or variant of deep fascia

attaches sheet-like muscles needing a wide area of attachment

Question 9

function of aponeurosis

Answer 9

join muscles and the body parts they act upon, whether that is bone or muscles
similar structure to tendons
energy transmission

Question 10

locations of aponeurosis

Answer 10

ventral abdominal region
dorsal lumbar region
palms and soles

Question 11

what is fascia

Answer 11

connective tissue that surrounds muscles, muscle groups, blood vessels and nerves

Question 12

fascia function

Answer 12

stabilises, encloses and separates muscles and other internal organs
in muscle, reduce friction of muscular force
transit mechanical tension

Question 13

fascia structure

Answer 13

band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen
superficial, visceral and deep
superficial = loose areolar and fatty adipose connective tissue
deep = high elastin

Question 14

cartilage structure

Answer 14

many chondrocytes secreting ECM
matrix = glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, collagen and can be elastin
no blood cells or nerves

Question 15

cartilage functions

Answer 15

covers and protects end of long bones

structural comkpoen tof rib cage, ear, nose, bronchus, intervertebral discs etc.