Nervous system

Question 1

what are ganglia

Answer 1

where neuronal cell bodies and glial cells are, supported by connective tissue where nerves synapse from eachother

Question 2

types of ganglia

Answer 2

dorsal root (sensory neurons relay info into the CNS) sympathetic (sympathetic chain and pre-vertebral) parasympathetic (located within organs) enteric ganglia

Question 3

position of dorsal root ganglia

Answer 3

in the intervertebral foramina

Question 4

function of somatic sensory fibres (afferent)

Answer 4

convey info from receptors eg. skin - pain, temp, touch, vibration joints - position sense, pain muscles and tendons - reflex of control of movement

Question 5

what does irritation or damage to sensory fibres cause

Answer 5

irritation = pain damage = loss of sensation

Question 6

features of pre-ganglionic fibres in autonomic NS

Answer 6

cell bodies in CNS pre-ganglionic fibres are mostly myelinated, slow to medium velocity synapse on ganglion cells outside of the CNS pre-ganglionic transmitters = ACh

Question 7

what are neuropeptides

Answer 7

small peptides used by neurons to communicate with eachother influence activity of brain and body

Question 8

actions of neuropeptides

Answer 8

role in information processing that is different from conventional NT, may appear to be linked with specific behaviours

Question 9

peptides associated with NA

Answer 9

galanin enkephalin neuropeptide Y

Question 10

peptides with ACh

Answer 10

VIP substance p

Question 11

peptides with adrenaline

Answer 11

neuropeptide y neurotensin

Question 12

peptides with dopamine

Answer 12

cholecystokinin neurotensin GLP1

Question 13

what do visceral afferent fibres normally run with

Answer 13

autonomic nerves may felicity involuntary autonomic reflex, like baroreceptor reflex or give sensation and mixed autonomic and voluntary somatic effects (micturition)

Question 14

referred visceral pain

Answer 14

diffuse, difficult to localise can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, changes in vital signs can be associated with autonomic NS, with sweating, changes in HR can cause emotional reactions referred pain is sharper and more localised and less likely to be accompanied by an autonomic response

Question 15

what is the enteric nervous system modulated by

Answer 15

pre ganglionic parasympathetic and post ganglionic sympathetic

Question 16

nerve fibre sizes and conduction velocities

Answer 16

Question 17

compound action potential caused by

Answer 17

activating fibres of differnet sizes

Question 18

uptake of NA after synaptic transmission

Answer 18

reabsorbed into pre-s neurone via uptake 1

can also cocur through uptake 2 at post-s, uptake 1 specific to NA

Question 19

what happens to NA after it is reabsorbed

Answer 19

inactivated by MAO (mono amine oxidase)

some is recycled

NA and adrenaline taken up by uptake 2 are inactviated by catechol-o-methyl tranferase (COMT)

Question 20

what are inhibitors of reauptake

Answer 20

amphetamines

Question 21

what are inhibitors of NA degradation

Answer 21

MAO inhibitors (anti depressents)