Tissues

Question 1

What are the four main types of tissues?

Answer 1

Epithelial, muscle, connective and nervous

Question 2

Function of epithelial cells

Answer 2

To create boundaries between the external and internal environment.
They are densely packed and tightly connected.

Question 3

What are the 3 main types of epithelial cells?

Answer 3

squamous, columnar and cuboidal

Question 4

Describe stratified squamous epithelium and give example

Answer 4

• separates ecternal from internal environment
• protects the body

eg. skin

Question 5

Describe cuboidal epithelium and give example

Answer 5

• makes up tubules and ducts
• can have secretory function

eg. kidney

Question 6

columnar epithelium and example

Answer 6

• lines many internal organs
• can have secretory or absorptive function

eg. lungs

Question 7

define epithelium

Answer 7

layer or sheet of epithelial cells

Question 8

Describe a columnar cell

Answer 8

• polarised (either side are different/ asymmetrical)

- one side has the nucleus (basal) and other is empty

Question 9

Describe muscle cells and what are they made up of

Answer 9

• contract to generate force and movement
• most abundant tissue in the body
• contain long filaments of myosin and actin

Question 10

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 10

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

Question 11

describe skeletal muscle

Answer 11

• striped appearance (striated)

- responsible for voluntary movements

Question 12

Describe smooth muscle

Answer 12

• lack of striated appearance
• provides motility (allows movements) to internal organs
• under involuntary control

Question 13

Describe cardiac muscle

Answer 13

• responsible for heart contractions

- involuntary control

Question 14

Define connective tissue and describe its function

Answer 14

• provides structure and support by connecting or separating other tissues and organs
• composed of fibres (elastin or collagen)

Question 15

What is the Extracellular matrix or ECM?

Answer 15

• the ‘meshwork’ or ‘scaffold’ that provides a structure between connective tissue cells
• provides a structure for the connective tissue cells

Question 16

What are connective tissue composed of?

Answer 16

• Collagen: long fibres that are strong and resistant to stretch; provide structural strength to organ
• Elastin - long fibres that can be stretched then recoil; abundant in tissues that regularly stretch (bladder, lung)

Question 17

What are the 4 types of connective tissue?

Answer 17

• Bone
• Blood
• Adipose cells
• Ligaments and tendons

Question 18

What is bone?

Answer 18

• collagen fibers hardened by calcium phosphate to make strong, rigid connective tissue
• provides support to make movement possible

Question 19

What are adipose cells and what are the functions of the 2 types?

Answer 19

• form loose connective tissue
• WHITE - store lipids for energy
• BROWN - heat

Question 20

What is blood and plasma?

Answer 20

• unique cells floating in plasma

- plasma is the liquid that remains when red and white blood cells are removed

Question 21

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?

Answer 21

• ligaments connect bones to bones

- tendons; muscle to bones

Question 22

What are the 2 main groups of nervous tissue?

Answer 22

• nuerons

- glial cells

Question 23

What is the function of neurons?

Answer 23

• communicates information from sensors to the CNS
• stores and integrates info
• communicates signals to muscles, organs and glands

Question 24

Define organs

Answer 24

Structures within the body that are composed of more than one tissue type and therefore serve different functions