Tissues 6

Question 1

What are the four regions of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 1

Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.

Question 2

What does the brainstem consist of?

Answer 2

Midbrain, pons and medulla (in descending order)

Question 3

Where do all the cranial nerves originate form?

Answer 3

Brainstem

Question 4

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 4

Motor coordination, balance and posture

Question 5

What is the most common type of neurone?

Answer 5

Multipolar

Question 6

What are the three types of multipolar neurone?

Answer 6

Pyramidal, purkinje and golgi (later two are related to GABA neurones)

Question 7

What are the four types of neurones?

Answer 7

Unipolar, pseudo-unipolar, bipolar and multipolar

Question 8

What features do all neurones share?

Answer 8

• Soma (perikaryon)
• Axon
• Dendrites

Question 9

What is the function of an astrocyte?

Answer 9

Structural cells, involved in repair and immune responses within the CNS. They are also involved in neurotransmitter release and reuptake.

Question 10

Which is the most abundant cell in the CNS?

Answer 10

Astrocyte as they are able to proliferate

Question 11

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 11

Present in the CNS producing myelin. One oligodendrocyte can myelinate many axons.

Question 12

What is the function of a Schwann cell?

Answer 12

The same as oligodendrocytes but in the PNS instead. One Schwann cell can only myelinate one axon section though.

Question 13

What is a microglial cell?

Answer 13

Specialised cells similar to macrophages so have immune functions within the CNS.

Question 14

What is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 14

They are the epithelial cells of the CNS - they line the fluid-filled ventricles and regulate the production and movement of CSF.

Question 15

What is saltatory conduction?

Answer 15

Mechanism that allows APs to spread along the axon by cable transmission, preventing AP spreading.

Question 16

How do synapses work?

Answer 16

1) The AP opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that are concentrated at the end of pre-synaptic terminal
2) Ca2+ influx causes neurotransmitter release by binding to the vesicles, causing exocytosis
3) Activation of post-synaptic receptors
4) Neurotransmitters dissociates from receptor and is either recycled or broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft

Question 17

What is the function of the pons?

Answer 17

Bridge between several important parts of nervous tissue and a source of several nerves serving the face, important in chewing, biting and swallowing.

Question 18

What is the function of the medulla?

Answer 18

Autonomous actions such as breathing, swallowing and heart rate.

Question 19

What is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 19

Relay system from auditory and visual centres.

Question 20

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 20

Associated with complex behaviours such as vision, touch and spatial awareness.

Question 21

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 21

Associated with perception, auditory processing and language production.

Question 22

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 22

Reasoning, problem solving, speaking, remembering and emotions etc.

Question 23

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 23

Visual processing.