Tissues

Question 1

Define: tissues

Answer 1

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

Question 2

What are 4 functions of the epithelium tissue and where are they mainly located? (5)

Answer 2

1. Protects
2. Absorbs
3. Filtrates
4. Secretes
5. Covers and lines the body organs

Question 3

What are the 3 main purposes of connective tissues? (3)

Answer 3

Protect, support, and bind together other tissues

Question 4

What do tendons connect?

Answer 4

Tendons connect muscle to bone

Question 5

What do ligaments connect?

Answer 5

Ligaments connect bone to bone

Question 6

Define: extracellular matrix

Answer 6

Non-living substance found outside of the cells

Question 7

What is notably included in the extracellular matrix and what is it distinguished by?

Answer 7

1. Collagen fibers

2. High tensile strength

Question 8

How do collagen fibers support organs? (2)

Answer 8

1. Soft, packing tissue around organs

2. Bears weight and withstands stretching and other abuses such as abrasion

Question 9

List the connective tissues from most rigid to soft (5)

Answer 9

1. Bone
2. Cartilage
3. Dense connective
4. Loose connective
5. Blood

Question 10

What are bones composed of? (3)

Answer 10

1. Osteocytes
2. Calcium salts
3. Large number of collagen fibers

Question 11

What are 3 functions of cartilage? (3)

Answer 11

1. Supports larynx
2. Attaches ribs to breastbone
3. Cover the ends of bones where they form joints

Question 12

What colour is hyaline cartilage and what is mostly made out of hyaline cartilage? (2)

Answer 12

1. Blue-white colour

2. Fetus skeleton

Question 13

List the 2 types of dense connective tissues. (2)

Answer 13

1. Tendons

2. Ligaments

Question 14

How is loose connective tissue different from dense connective tissue? (2)

Answer 14

1. More cells than dense connective tissue

2. Fewer fibers than any other connective tissue

Question 15

Why is blood considered a connective tissue?

Answer 15

It consists of blood cells surrounded by the non-living fluid matrix plasma

Question 16

What are the fibers of blood and when are they visible? (2)

Answer 16

1. Fibers of blood are soluble protein molecules

2. Visible only during blood clotting

Question 17

What is calcium required for? (3)

Answer 17

1. Bone strength
2. Muscle contraction
3. Blood clotting

Question 18

What happens when skeletal muscles contract?

Answer 18

They pull on bones and/or skin

Question 19

What are 4 characteristics of skeletal muscles? (4)

Answer 19

1. Long
2. Cylindrical
3. Multi-nucleated
4. Clear striations (stripes)

Question 20

Why are skeletal muscles elongated?

Answer 20

Provides a long axis for contraction

Question 21

Where are cardiac muscles found?

Answer 21

In the heart

Question 22

What are 2 characteristics of cardiac muscles? (2)

Answer 22

1. Striated

2. Uni-nucleated

Question 23

Define: intercalated discs

Answer 23

Short, branching cells that fit tightly together at junction

Question 24

What do intercalated discs have and what do they allow? (2)

Answer 24

Contain gap junctions that allow ions to pass freely from cell to cell

Question 25

What are 3 characteristics of smooth muscles? (3)

Answer 25

1. No visible striations 2. Uni-nucleated 3. Spindle-shaped

Question 26

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 26

Walls of hollow organs (eg. stomach, uterus, blood vessels)

Question 27

Which muscle type contracts the slowest?

Answer 27

Smooth muscle

Question 28

Define: peristalsis

Answer 28

Wave-like motion that keeps food moving through the small intestines

Question 29

What are 2 major functional characteristics of nervous tissue? (2)

Answer 29

1. Irritability | 2. Conductivity

Question 30

Define: neuralgia

Answer 30

Group of supporting cells that insulate, support, and protect delicate neurons in the nervous system

Question 31

What are the 3 main physical barriers of the human body? (3)

Answer 31

1. Skin and mucous membranes 2. Cilia 3. Strong acids produced by the stomach glands

Question 32

When does healing begin?

Answer 32

Immediately after injury

Question 33

What is inflammation?

Answer 33

The body’s general response to attempt to prevent further injury

Question 34

What is an immune response?

Answer 34

Am extremely specific response that mounts a vigorous attack against invaders

Question 35

List 3 types of invaders that may trigger an immune response. (3)

Answer 35

1. Bacteria 2. Viruses 3. Toxins

Question 36

What is the difference in reparation through regeneration and fibrosis? (2)

Answer 36

1. Regeneration → repairs with the same cells | 2. Fibrosis → repairs with scar tissue

Question 37

Through what process are incisions and small injuries repaired? (1)

Answer 37

Regeneration

Question 38

Through what process are jagged and/or deeper wounds repaired? (1)

Answer 38

Fibrosis