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Intro to Anatomy & Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Define: tissues

A

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

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2
Q

What are 4 functions of the epithelium tissue and where are they mainly located? (5)

A
  1. Protects
  2. Absorbs
  3. Filtrates
  4. Secretes
  5. Covers and lines the body organs
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3
Q

What are the 3 main purposes of connective tissues? (3)

A

Protect, support, and bind together other tissues

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4
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Tendons connect muscle to bone

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5
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Ligaments connect bone to bone

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6
Q

Define: extracellular matrix

A

Non-living substance found outside of the cells

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7
Q

What is notably included in the extracellular matrix and what is it distinguished by?

A
  1. Collagen fibers

2. High tensile strength

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8
Q

How do collagen fibers support organs? (2)

A
  1. Soft, packing tissue around organs

2. Bears weight and withstands stretching and other abuses such as abrasion

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9
Q

List the connective tissues from most rigid to soft (5)

A
  1. Bone
  2. Cartilage
  3. Dense connective
  4. Loose connective
  5. Blood
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10
Q

What are bones composed of? (3)

A
  1. Osteocytes
  2. Calcium salts
  3. Large number of collagen fibers
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11
Q

What are 3 functions of cartilage? (3)

A
  1. Supports larynx
  2. Attaches ribs to breastbone
  3. Cover the ends of bones where they form joints
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12
Q

What colour is hyaline cartilage and what is mostly made out of hyaline cartilage? (2)

A
  1. Blue-white colour

2. Fetus skeleton

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13
Q

List the 2 types of dense connective tissues. (2)

A
  1. Tendons

2. Ligaments

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14
Q

How is loose connective tissue different from dense connective tissue? (2)

A
  1. More cells than dense connective tissue

2. Fewer fibers than any other connective tissue

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15
Q

Why is blood considered a connective tissue?

A

It consists of blood cells surrounded by the non-living fluid matrix plasma

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16
Q

What are the fibers of blood and when are they visible? (2)

A
  1. Fibers of blood are soluble protein molecules

2. Visible only during blood clotting

17
Q

What is calcium required for? (3)

A
  1. Bone strength
  2. Muscle contraction
  3. Blood clotting
18
Q

What happens when skeletal muscles contract?

A

They pull on bones and/or skin

19
Q

What are 4 characteristics of skeletal muscles? (4)

A
  1. Long
  2. Cylindrical
  3. Multi-nucleated
  4. Clear striations (stripes)
20
Q

Why are skeletal muscles elongated?

A

Provides a long axis for contraction

21
Q

Where are cardiac muscles found?

A

In the heart

22
Q

What are 2 characteristics of cardiac muscles? (2)

A
  1. Striated

2. Uni-nucleated

23
Q

Define: intercalated discs

A

Short, branching cells that fit tightly together at junction

24
Q

What do intercalated discs have and what do they allow? (2)

A

Contain gap junctions that allow ions to pass freely from cell to cell

25
Q

What are 3 characteristics of smooth muscles? (3)

A
  1. No visible striations
  2. Uni-nucleated
  3. Spindle-shaped
26
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Walls of hollow organs (eg. stomach, uterus, blood vessels)

27
Q

Which muscle type contracts the slowest?

A

Smooth muscle

28
Q

Define: peristalsis

A

Wave-like motion that keeps food moving through the small intestines

29
Q

What are 2 major functional characteristics of nervous tissue? (2)

A
  1. Irritability

2. Conductivity

30
Q

Define: neuralgia

A

Group of supporting cells that insulate, support, and protect delicate neurons in the nervous system

31
Q

What are the 3 main physical barriers of the human body? (3)

A
  1. Skin and mucous membranes
  2. Cilia
  3. Strong acids produced by the stomach glands
32
Q

When does healing begin?

A

Immediately after injury

33
Q

What is inflammation?

A

The body’s general response to attempt to prevent further injury

34
Q

What is an immune response?

A

Am extremely specific response that mounts a vigorous attack against invaders

35
Q

List 3 types of invaders that may trigger an immune response. (3)

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Viruses
  3. Toxins
36
Q

What is the difference in reparation through regeneration and fibrosis? (2)

A
  1. Regeneration → repairs with the same cells

2. Fibrosis → repairs with scar tissue

37
Q

Through what process are incisions and small injuries repaired? (1)

A

Regeneration

38
Q

Through what process are jagged and/or deeper wounds repaired? (1)

A

Fibrosis

Intro to Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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