Tissues Flashcards
Define: tissues
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
What are 4 functions of the epithelium tissue and where are they mainly located? (5)
- Protects
- Absorbs
- Filtrates
- Secretes
- Covers and lines the body organs
What are the 3 main purposes of connective tissues? (3)
Protect, support, and bind together other tissues
What do tendons connect?
Tendons connect muscle to bone
What do ligaments connect?
Ligaments connect bone to bone
Define: extracellular matrix
Non-living substance found outside of the cells
What is notably included in the extracellular matrix and what is it distinguished by?
- Collagen fibers
2. High tensile strength
How do collagen fibers support organs? (2)
- Soft, packing tissue around organs
2. Bears weight and withstands stretching and other abuses such as abrasion
List the connective tissues from most rigid to soft (5)
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Dense connective
- Loose connective
- Blood
What are bones composed of? (3)
- Osteocytes
- Calcium salts
- Large number of collagen fibers
What are 3 functions of cartilage? (3)
- Supports larynx
- Attaches ribs to breastbone
- Cover the ends of bones where they form joints
What colour is hyaline cartilage and what is mostly made out of hyaline cartilage? (2)
- Blue-white colour
2. Fetus skeleton
List the 2 types of dense connective tissues. (2)
- Tendons
2. Ligaments
How is loose connective tissue different from dense connective tissue? (2)
- More cells than dense connective tissue
2. Fewer fibers than any other connective tissue
Why is blood considered a connective tissue?
It consists of blood cells surrounded by the non-living fluid matrix plasma
What are the fibers of blood and when are they visible? (2)
- Fibers of blood are soluble protein molecules
2. Visible only during blood clotting
What is calcium required for? (3)
- Bone strength
- Muscle contraction
- Blood clotting
What happens when skeletal muscles contract?
They pull on bones and/or skin
What are 4 characteristics of skeletal muscles? (4)
- Long
- Cylindrical
- Multi-nucleated
- Clear striations (stripes)
Why are skeletal muscles elongated?
Provides a long axis for contraction
Where are cardiac muscles found?
In the heart
What are 2 characteristics of cardiac muscles? (2)
- Striated
2. Uni-nucleated
Define: intercalated discs
Short, branching cells that fit tightly together at junction
What do intercalated discs have and what do they allow? (2)
Contain gap junctions that allow ions to pass freely from cell to cell
What are 3 characteristics of smooth muscles? (3)
- No visible striations
- Uni-nucleated
- Spindle-shaped
Where is smooth muscle found?
Walls of hollow organs (eg. stomach, uterus, blood vessels)
Which muscle type contracts the slowest?
Smooth muscle
Define: peristalsis
Wave-like motion that keeps food moving through the small intestines
What are 2 major functional characteristics of nervous tissue? (2)
- Irritability
2. Conductivity
Define: neuralgia
Group of supporting cells that insulate, support, and protect delicate neurons in the nervous system
What are the 3 main physical barriers of the human body? (3)
- Skin and mucous membranes
- Cilia
- Strong acids produced by the stomach glands
When does healing begin?
Immediately after injury
What is inflammation?
The body’s general response to attempt to prevent further injury
What is an immune response?
Am extremely specific response that mounts a vigorous attack against invaders
List 3 types of invaders that may trigger an immune response. (3)
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Toxins
What is the difference in reparation through regeneration and fibrosis? (2)
- Regeneration → repairs with the same cells
2. Fibrosis → repairs with scar tissue
Through what process are incisions and small injuries repaired? (1)
Regeneration
Through what process are jagged and/or deeper wounds repaired? (1)
Fibrosis
