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Intro to Anatomy & Physiology > Overview of Systems > Flashcards

Overview of Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Define: anatomy

A

The study of the structure and shape of the body, its parts, and their relationships to one another

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2
Q

Define: physiology

A

The study of how the body moves and its function

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3
Q

List, in order, the levels of structural organization (6)

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ System
  6. Organismal body
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4
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues? (4)

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Neural

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5
Q

Define: histology

A

The study of tissues

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6
Q

What is an organ?

A

A structure, composed of 2 or more tissue types, that performs a specific function for the body

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7
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

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8
Q

What is the integumentary system, in layman’s terms?

A

Skin

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9
Q

What are 2 main functions of the integumentary system? (2)

A
  1. Waterproof the body

2. Cushion and protect deeper tissues

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10
Q

What is the skeletal system composed of? (4)

A
  1. Bones
  2. Cartilage
  3. Ligaments
  4. Joints
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11
Q

What is hematopoiesis and where does it take place? (2)

A
  1. The formation of blood

2. Takes place in skeletal cavities (the skeletal system)

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12
Q

What are 2 main functions of the skeletal system? (2)

A
  1. Protection

2. Storehouse for minerals

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13
Q

What muscles form the muscular system? (1)

A

Skeletal muscles

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14
Q

What is unique about skeletal muscles?

A

They are able to contract or shorten

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15
Q

How does the muscular system aid the digestive system?

A

It moves fluid and food along a specific path using muscles

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16
Q

What is the nervous system composed of? (4)

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
  3. Nerves
  4. Sensory receptor
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17
Q

How does the nervous system respond?

A

By activating body effectors

18
Q

What are 2 examples of body effectors? (2)

A

Muscles and glands

19
Q

Does the nervous system control body activity faster or the endocrine system?

A

The nervous system is faster

20
Q

What is the endocrine system responsible for?

A

Producing and releasing hormones into the blood to the target organs

21
Q

What 3 things do hormones control? (3)

A

Growth, reproduction, and food use of cells

22
Q

How does the endocrine system affect the other organ systems?

A

It secretes hormones to regulate other structure in the body

23
Q

List 9 types of glands. (9)

A
  1. Pituitary
  2. Thyroid (TSH)
  3. Parathyroid (PTH)
  4. Pineal
  5. Testes (M)
  6. Adrenals
  7. Thymus
  8. Pancreas
  9. Ovaries (F)
24
Q

What does the cardiovascular system include?

A

The heart and blood vessels

25
Q

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Use blood to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and substances from tissues where exchanges are made

26
Q

What protects the cardiovascular system and what do they protect it from? (4)

A

White blood cells protect the cardiovascular system from

  1. Bacteria
  2. Toxins
  3. Tumour cells
27
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the lymphatic system? (2)

A
  1. Returns fluid that has leaked from the blood back to the blood vessels so that blood can continually circulate
  2. Helps clean blood
28
Q

What is the lymphatic system composed of? (3)

A

Vessels, nodes, and organs (eg. spleen and tonsils)

29
Q

What is the respiratory system composed of? (6)

A
  1. Nasal passages
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Bronchi
  6. Lungs
30
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

Remove CO2 and supply O2

31
Q

What is the digestive system composed of? (8)

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Stomach
  3. Large intestines
  4. Esophagus
  5. Small intestines
  6. Rectum
  7. Liver
  8. Pancreas
32
Q

What does the liver produce and what is the function of that product? (2)

A
  1. Bile

2. Breaks down food

33
Q

What is the urinary/excretory system composed of? (4)

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Bladder
  4. Urethra
34
Q

What are the 2 main purposes of the excretory system? (2)

A
  1. System removes nitrogenous wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine
  2. Maintains the water and salt balance while regulating the acid-base balance of the blood
35
Q

How are nitrogenous wastes created in the body?

A

As by-products from when the body breaks down proteins and nucleic acids

36
Q

What is the clear and sole purpose of the reproductive system?

A

Production of offspring

37
Q

What is the main function of the testes and that of the uterus? (2)

A
  1. Testes produce sperm

2. Uterus provides the site for the development of a fetus

38
Q

What is the male reproductive system composed of? (4)

A
  1. Scrotum
  2. Penis
  3. Accessory glands
  4. Duct system
39
Q

What is the female system composed of? (2)

A
  1. Ovaries

2. Female duct system

40
Q

What is in the female duct system? (3)

A
  1. Uterine tubes
  2. Uterus
  3. Vagina

Intro to Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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