Overview of Systems Flashcards
Define: anatomy
The study of the structure and shape of the body, its parts, and their relationships to one another
Define: physiology
The study of how the body moves and its function
List, in order, the levels of structural organization (6)
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organismal body
What are the 4 types of tissues? (4)
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Neural
Define: histology
The study of tissues
What is an organ?
A structure, composed of 2 or more tissue types, that performs a specific function for the body
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
What is the integumentary system, in layman’s terms?
Skin
What are 2 main functions of the integumentary system? (2)
- Waterproof the body
2. Cushion and protect deeper tissues
What is the skeletal system composed of? (4)
- Bones
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
- Joints
What is hematopoiesis and where does it take place? (2)
- The formation of blood
2. Takes place in skeletal cavities (the skeletal system)
What are 2 main functions of the skeletal system? (2)
- Protection
2. Storehouse for minerals
What muscles form the muscular system? (1)
Skeletal muscles
What is unique about skeletal muscles?
They are able to contract or shorten
How does the muscular system aid the digestive system?
It moves fluid and food along a specific path using muscles
What is the nervous system composed of? (4)
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Nerves
- Sensory receptor
How does the nervous system respond?
By activating body effectors
What are 2 examples of body effectors? (2)
Muscles and glands
Does the nervous system control body activity faster or the endocrine system?
The nervous system is faster
What is the endocrine system responsible for?
Producing and releasing hormones into the blood to the target organs
What 3 things do hormones control? (3)
Growth, reproduction, and food use of cells
How does the endocrine system affect the other organ systems?
It secretes hormones to regulate other structure in the body
List 9 types of glands. (9)
- Pituitary
- Thyroid (TSH)
- Parathyroid (PTH)
- Pineal
- Testes (M)
- Adrenals
- Thymus
- Pancreas
- Ovaries (F)
What does the cardiovascular system include?
The heart and blood vessels
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
Use blood to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and substances from tissues where exchanges are made
What protects the cardiovascular system and what do they protect it from? (4)
White blood cells protect the cardiovascular system from
- Bacteria
- Toxins
- Tumour cells
What are the 2 main functions of the lymphatic system? (2)
- Returns fluid that has leaked from the blood back to the blood vessels so that blood can continually circulate
- Helps clean blood
What is the lymphatic system composed of? (3)
Vessels, nodes, and organs (eg. spleen and tonsils)
What is the respiratory system composed of? (6)
- Nasal passages
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Remove CO2 and supply O2
What is the digestive system composed of? (8)
- Oral cavity
- Stomach
- Large intestines
- Esophagus
- Small intestines
- Rectum
- Liver
- Pancreas
What does the liver produce and what is the function of that product? (2)
- Bile
2. Breaks down food
What is the urinary/excretory system composed of? (4)
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
What are the 2 main purposes of the excretory system? (2)
- System removes nitrogenous wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine
- Maintains the water and salt balance while regulating the acid-base balance of the blood
How are nitrogenous wastes created in the body?
As by-products from when the body breaks down proteins and nucleic acids
What is the clear and sole purpose of the reproductive system?
Production of offspring
What is the main function of the testes and that of the uterus? (2)
- Testes produce sperm
2. Uterus provides the site for the development of a fetus
What is the male reproductive system composed of? (4)
- Scrotum
- Penis
- Accessory glands
- Duct system
What is the female system composed of? (2)
- Ovaries
2. Female duct system
What is in the female duct system? (3)
- Uterine tubes
- Uterus
- Vagina
