Cells & Tissues (Definitions)

Question 1

Centrioles

Answer 1

Minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules

Question 2

Cillia

Answer 2

Tiny, hair-like projections on cell surfaces that move in a wavelike manner

Question 3

Flagella

Answer 3

Long, whip-like extensions of the cell membrane of some bacteria and sperm; serve to propel the cell

Question 4

Microvilli

Answer 4

The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increases surface area for absorption

Question 5

Solution

Answer 5

A homogenous mixture of two or more components

Question 6

Solvent

Answer 6

Substance present in the largest amount of the solution

Question 7

Solutes

Answer 7

The dissolved substance in a solution

Question 8

Intracellular fluid

Answer 8

The fluid within the cell

Question 9

Interstitial fluid

Answer 9

The fluid between the cells

Question 10

Selectively permeable

Answer 10

Feature of membrane to regulate the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell

Question 11

Diffusion

Answer 11

The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles

Question 12

Filtration

Answer 12

The passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter

Question 13

Concentration gradient

Answer 13

Tendency of particles moving through solution or gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 14

Simple diffusion

Answer 14

Spontaneous passive transport of molecules across a cell’s membrane without requiring an intermediary such as an integral membrane protein

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

Spontaneous passive transport of molecules across a cell’s membrane that requites an intermediary such as an integral membrane protein

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

The diffusion of a solvent through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one

Question 17

Pressure gradient

Answer 17

Tendency of particles moving through solution or gas from an area of high pressure to low pressure

Question 18

Active transport

Answer 18

Net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration or electrical gradient; requires release and use of cellular energy

Question 19

Exocytosis

Answer 19

A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane

Question 20

Endocytosis

Answer 20

A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are taken in from the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane

Question 21

Vesicle

Answer 21

Fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac

Question 22

Phagocytosis

Answer 22

The ingestion of solid particles by cells

Question 23

Pinocytosis

Answer 23

The engulfing of extracellular fluid by cells

Question 24

Interphase

Answer 24

Phase in which DNA is replicated

Question 25

Cell division

Answer 25

Division of a cell into two daughter cells containing the same genetic material

Question 26

Mitosis

Answer 26

The division of the cell nucleus; often followed by division of the cytoplasm of cell

Question 27

Cytokinesis

Answer 27

Division of cytoplasm that occurs after the cell nucleus has divided

Question 28

Prophase

Answer 28

First phase in which the chromosomes become visible as chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears

Question 29

Chromosomes

Answer 29

Bar-like body of tightly coiled chromatin

Question 30

Cystol

Answer 30

Semi-transparent fluid that suspends other elements

Question 31

Polymers

Answer 31

Chain-like molecules composed of many similar or repeating units (monomers)

Question 32

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 32

Process in which the hydrogen atom is removed from one monomer

Question 33

Chromatin

Answer 33

loose network of bumpy threads formed when DNA is combined with protein

Question 34

Mitochondria

Answer 34

Double-membraned organelle which is responsible for creating ATP/energy

Question 35

Ribosomes

Answer 35

Tiny, bi-lobed dark bodies made of proteins where proteins are synthesized as well

Question 36

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 36

Transportation network within the cytoplasm

Question 37

Golgi apparatus

Answer 37

Organelle resembling a stack of flattened membranous sacs which modifies and packages proteins

Question 38

Lysosomes

Answer 38

Membranous bags containing powerful digestive enzymes which break down substances and bodies

Question 39

Cell life cycle

Answer 39

Lifespan of a cell including interphase, mitosis or meiosis, and cytokinesis

Question 40

Centromere

Answer 40

The part of the chromosome to which the spindle fibres attach

Question 41

Chromatids

Answer 41

Thread-like strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division

Question 42

Mitotic spindle

Answer 42

Mass of microtubules that pull chromatids apart and forms during mitosis during metaphase

Question 43

Metaphase

Answer 43

The third stage of mitosis when replicated chromosomes are split and the daughter chromatids are moved to opposite poles of the cell

Question 44

Telophase

Answer 44

The last stage of cell division in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed

Question 45

Neoplasm

Answer 45

Malignant cell mass and benign cell mass

Question 46

Macrophage

Answer 46

Phagocytic cell