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Intro to Anatomy & Physiology > Cells & Tissues > Flashcards

Cells & Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Define: organic compound

A

Carbon-containing molecule

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2
Q

Define: polymers

A

Chain-like molecules composed of many similar or repeating units (monomers)

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3
Q

What is the basis of dehydration synthesis? (1)

A

Removal of the hydrogen atom from a monomer

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4
Q

What are carbohydrates composed of? (3)

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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5
Q

How are carbohydrates classified?

A

By size and solubility in water

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6
Q

What are the 3 classifications for carbohydrates? (3)

A
  1. Monosaccharide
  2. Disaccharide
  3. Polysaccharide
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7
Q

Name the 5 most important/common monosaccharides. (5)

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
  4. Ribose
  5. Deoxyribose
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8
Q

Name 3 important disaccharides. (3)

A
  1. Sucrose
  2. Lactose
  3. Maltose
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9
Q

Name 2 important polysaccharides. (2)

A
  1. Starch

2. Glycogen

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10
Q

What is the primary use of carbohydrates?

A

Energy

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11
Q

Name 3 lipid types. (3)

A
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Steroids
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12
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Neutral fats

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13
Q

What are triglycerides composed of? (2)

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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14
Q

What is the purpose of triglycerides? (2)

A

Help insulate the body and prevent heat loss

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15
Q

Are triglycerides an abundant or scarce source of useable energy?

A

Abundant

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16
Q

Potential energy is also…?

A

Stored energy

17
Q

List 3 uses for proteins

A
  1. Construction
  2. Cell function
  3. Producing antibodies
18
Q

Is water an organic or inorganic compound?

A

Inorganic (contains no carbon)

19
Q

What is the unique trait of water that helps support homeostasis?

A

High heat capacity

20
Q

How does the high heat capacity of water aid in homeostasis? (2)

A
  1. Water absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before its temperature changes
  2. Prevents sudden changes of the body from intense sun or winter
21
Q

How does water protect the body? (1)

A

It serves as cushioning

22
Q

What are 3 functions of nucleic acids? (3)

A

1, Direct growth

  1. Direct development
  2. Dictate protein structure
23
Q

What are nucleic acids composed of? (5)

A
  1. Carbon
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Oxygen
  4. Nitrogen
  5. Phosphorus
24
Q

What is the largest biological molecule in the body?

A

Nucleic acids

25
Q

What are nucleotides composed of? (3)

A
  1. Nitrogen (nitrogenous base)
  2. Pentose sugar
  3. Phosphate group
26
Q

Define: DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material within the cell nucleus

27
Q

What is the general function of RNA?

A

Carry out orders for protein synthesis from DNA

28
Q

Is RNA located inside or outside of the nucleus?

A

Outside of the nucleus

29
Q

Where is DNA located in a cell?

A

Inside the nucleus

30
Q

What are the 3 major types of RNA? (3)

A
  1. Messenger RNA
  2. Ribosomal DNA
  3. Transfer RNA
31
Q

List the major function of each of RNA. (3)

A
  1. Messenger RNA - Carries the info for building the protein from the DNA genes to the ribosomes
  2. Ribosomal DNA - Oversees the messenger and the binding together of amino acids to form proteins
  3. Transfer DNA - ferries amino acids to ribosomes
32
Q

What is ATP? (2)

A

Adenosine triphosphate; a modified nucleotoid

33
Q

Why is ATP used instead of glucose to power cells?

A

The energy in glucose bonds cannot be used directly to power cellular work, while the energy from ATP’s bonds can be used

34
Q

What is ATP composed of? (3)

A
  1. Adenosine base
  2. Ribose sugar
  3. Three phosphate group
35
Q

What is ADP and where does it come from? (2)

A

Adenosine diphosphate accumulates while ATP supplies are replenished by the oxidization of food fuels

36
Q

How is ADP converted back into ATP?

A

The same amount of energy must be captured and used to re-attach a phosphate group to ADP as it is liberated when a phosphate is removed from ATP

37
Q

Define cellular theory (4)

A
  1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
  2. Activity of an organism depends on activities of its cell
  3. Biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their shape or form
  4. The continuity of life has a cellular basis
38
Q

What is responsiveness? (1)

A

Irritability

Intro to Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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