Cells & Tissues

Question 1

Define: organic compound

Answer 1

Carbon-containing molecule

Question 2

Define: polymers

Answer 2

Chain-like molecules composed of many similar or repeating units (monomers)

Question 3

What is the basis of dehydration synthesis? (1)

Answer 3

Removal of the hydrogen atom from a monomer

Question 4

What are carbohydrates composed of? (3)

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 5

How are carbohydrates classified?

Answer 5

By size and solubility in water

Question 6

What are the 3 classifications for carbohydrates? (3)

Answer 6

1. Monosaccharide
2. Disaccharide
3. Polysaccharide

Question 7

Name the 5 most important/common monosaccharides. (5)

Answer 7

1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose
4. Ribose
5. Deoxyribose

Question 8

Name 3 important disaccharides. (3)

Answer 8

1. Sucrose
2. Lactose
3. Maltose

Question 9

Name 2 important polysaccharides. (2)

Answer 9

1. Starch

2. Glycogen

Question 10

What is the primary use of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Energy

Question 11

Name 3 lipid types. (3)

Answer 11

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids

Question 12

What are triglycerides?

Answer 12

Neutral fats

Question 13

What are triglycerides composed of? (2)

Answer 13

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 14

What is the purpose of triglycerides? (2)

Answer 14

Help insulate the body and prevent heat loss

Question 15

Are triglycerides an abundant or scarce source of useable energy?

Answer 15

Abundant

Question 16

Potential energy is also…?

Answer 16

Stored energy

Question 17

List 3 uses for proteins

Answer 17

1. Construction
2. Cell function
3. Producing antibodies

Question 18

Is water an organic or inorganic compound?

Answer 18

Inorganic (contains no carbon)

Question 19

What is the unique trait of water that helps support homeostasis?

Answer 19

High heat capacity

Question 20

How does the high heat capacity of water aid in homeostasis? (2)

Answer 20

1. Water absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before its temperature changes
2. Prevents sudden changes of the body from intense sun or winter

Question 21

How does water protect the body? (1)

Answer 21

It serves as cushioning

Question 22

What are 3 functions of nucleic acids? (3)

Answer 22

1, Direct growth

2. Direct development
3. Dictate protein structure

Question 23

What are nucleic acids composed of? (5)

Answer 23

1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
5. Phosphorus

Question 24

What is the largest biological molecule in the body?

Answer 24

Nucleic acids

Question 25

What are nucleotides composed of? (3)

Answer 25

1. Nitrogen (nitrogenous base) 2. Pentose sugar 3. Phosphate group

Question 26

Define: DNA

Answer 26

Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material within the cell nucleus

Question 27

What is the general function of RNA?

Answer 27

Carry out orders for protein synthesis from DNA

Question 28

Is RNA located inside or outside of the nucleus?

Answer 28

Outside of the nucleus

Question 29

Where is DNA located in a cell?

Answer 29

Inside the nucleus

Question 30

What are the 3 major types of RNA? (3)

Answer 30

1. Messenger RNA 2. Ribosomal DNA 3. Transfer RNA

Question 31

List the major function of each of RNA. (3)

Answer 31

1. Messenger RNA - Carries the info for building the protein from the DNA genes to the ribosomes 2. Ribosomal DNA - Oversees the messenger and the binding together of amino acids to form proteins 3. Transfer DNA - ferries amino acids to ribosomes

Question 32

What is ATP? (2)

Answer 32

Adenosine triphosphate; a modified nucleotoid

Question 33

Why is ATP used instead of glucose to power cells?

Answer 33

The energy in glucose bonds cannot be used directly to power cellular work, while the energy from ATP's bonds can be used

Question 34

What is ATP composed of? (3)

Answer 34

1. Adenosine base 2. Ribose sugar 3. Three phosphate group

Question 35

What is ADP and where does it come from? (2)

Answer 35

Adenosine diphosphate accumulates while ATP supplies are replenished by the oxidization of food fuels

Question 36

How is ADP converted back into ATP?

Answer 36

The same amount of energy must be captured and used to re-attach a phosphate group to ADP as it is liberated when a phosphate is removed from ATP

Question 37

Define cellular theory (4)

Answer 37

1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms 2. Activity of an organism depends on activities of its cell 3. Biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their shape or form 4. The continuity of life has a cellular basis

Question 38

What is responsiveness? (1)

Answer 38

Irritability