Cells & Tissues Flashcards
Define: organic compound
Carbon-containing molecule
Define: polymers
Chain-like molecules composed of many similar or repeating units (monomers)
What is the basis of dehydration synthesis? (1)
Removal of the hydrogen atom from a monomer
What are carbohydrates composed of? (3)
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
How are carbohydrates classified?
By size and solubility in water
What are the 3 classifications for carbohydrates? (3)
- Monosaccharide
- Disaccharide
- Polysaccharide
Name the 5 most important/common monosaccharides. (5)
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
Name 3 important disaccharides. (3)
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Maltose
Name 2 important polysaccharides. (2)
- Starch
2. Glycogen
What is the primary use of carbohydrates?
Energy
Name 3 lipid types. (3)
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
What are triglycerides?
Neutral fats
What are triglycerides composed of? (2)
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is the purpose of triglycerides? (2)
Help insulate the body and prevent heat loss
Are triglycerides an abundant or scarce source of useable energy?
Abundant
Potential energy is also…?
Stored energy
List 3 uses for proteins
- Construction
- Cell function
- Producing antibodies
Is water an organic or inorganic compound?
Inorganic (contains no carbon)
What is the unique trait of water that helps support homeostasis?
High heat capacity
How does the high heat capacity of water aid in homeostasis? (2)
- Water absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before its temperature changes
- Prevents sudden changes of the body from intense sun or winter
How does water protect the body? (1)
It serves as cushioning
What are 3 functions of nucleic acids? (3)
1, Direct growth
- Direct development
- Dictate protein structure
What are nucleic acids composed of? (5)
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
What is the largest biological molecule in the body?
Nucleic acids
What are nucleotides composed of? (3)
- Nitrogen (nitrogenous base)
- Pentose sugar
- Phosphate group
Define: DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material within the cell nucleus
What is the general function of RNA?
Carry out orders for protein synthesis from DNA
Is RNA located inside or outside of the nucleus?
Outside of the nucleus
Where is DNA located in a cell?
Inside the nucleus
What are the 3 major types of RNA? (3)
- Messenger RNA
- Ribosomal DNA
- Transfer RNA
List the major function of each of RNA. (3)
- Messenger RNA - Carries the info for building the protein from the DNA genes to the ribosomes
- Ribosomal DNA - Oversees the messenger and the binding together of amino acids to form proteins
- Transfer DNA - ferries amino acids to ribosomes
What is ATP? (2)
Adenosine triphosphate; a modified nucleotoid
Why is ATP used instead of glucose to power cells?
The energy in glucose bonds cannot be used directly to power cellular work, while the energy from ATP’s bonds can be used
What is ATP composed of? (3)
- Adenosine base
- Ribose sugar
- Three phosphate group
What is ADP and where does it come from? (2)
Adenosine diphosphate accumulates while ATP supplies are replenished by the oxidization of food fuels
How is ADP converted back into ATP?
The same amount of energy must be captured and used to re-attach a phosphate group to ADP as it is liberated when a phosphate is removed from ATP
Define cellular theory (4)
- The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
- Activity of an organism depends on activities of its cell
- Biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their shape or form
- The continuity of life has a cellular basis
What is responsiveness? (1)
Irritability
