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Year 1 Body Logistics > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue?

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Nerves
Connective

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2
Q

Specialised connective tissue includes…

A 
Adipose
Lymphatic
Blood
Bone
Cartilage 
Haemopoetic
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3
Q

List 6 functions of connective tissue.

A 
Connect cells, tissues and organs 
Transport 
Protect 
Storage 
Defence 
Wound healing
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4
Q

What makes up connective tissue?

A

Cells, fibres and ground substance

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5
Q

List the three fibre types in general connective tissue.

A

Collagen
Reticular
Elastin

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6
Q

Compare reticular, collagen and elastin fibres.

A

Collagen is flexible with high tensile strength.
Reticular fibres provided a supportive sponges framework.
Elastin allows recoil after distension

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7
Q

What is a proteoglycan and where is it found?

A

Core protein with many glycosaminoglycans covalently bonded to it. The glycosaminoglycans attract water to aid diffusion.

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8
Q

Name a common glycosaminoglycan found in cartilage

A

Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan attached to large proteoglycans. This is highly adapted for compression resistance and flexibility.

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9
Q

In ground substance of cartilage describe the common hydrophilic macromolecule.

A

The core protein binds glycosaminoglycans. Multiple units of this binds to one hyalurone molecule by linker proteins.

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10
Q

Which type of connective tissue has abundant ground substance?

A

Loose

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11
Q

Which type of connective tissue contains most collagen fibres?

A

Dense

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12
Q

Which connective tissue type transports?

A

Loose

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13
Q

Which connective tissue type contains many cell types?

A

Loose.

Dense only really need fibroblasts

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14
Q

Where do you find loose connective tissue?

A

Beneath epithelia
Around epithelial glands
Around small blood vessels

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15
Q

Why do we find loose connective tissue where we do? What’s the functional advantage of its location?

A

Sites for pathogen exposure and loose CT can swell

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16
Q

List a few places in the body loose CT is found

A

Epidermis

Sub mucousa of the colon

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17
Q

Dense connective tissue has two types what are they?

A

Regular

Irregular

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18
Q

What are the advantages of regular over irregular and vice versa?

A

Collagen fibres are arranged in parallel fibres in regular CT making it adapted for stress in one directions.
Irregular dense CT has collagen bundles ore tasted in many directions allowing it to resist stress in many directions.

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19
Q

What connects muscle to bone?

A

Tendon a structure of dense regular CT

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20
Q

Ligaments connect what to what? What type of tissue is a ligament made up of?

A

Bone to bone

Dense regular CT

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21
Q

Describe collagen fibres arrangements in ligaments.

A

Parallel and undulated with surrounding loose ct separating fascicles

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22
Q

What is apomeurosis?

A

Flat sheet of regular CT. layers are often arrange perpendicular to adjacent layers. Found around lumbar spine and the abdominal wall

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23
Q

What connective tissue is found in the dermis?

A

Dense irregular CT

24
Q

List fixed cells in connective tissue.

A 
Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
Melanocytes 
Mast cells 
Macrophages 
Adipocytes 
Mesenchymal stem cells
25
Q

Immune wandering cells in connective tissues include…

A 
Leucocytes
Plasma cells
Monocytes 
Eosinophils 
Basophils
26
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts?

A

Synthesis and secretion of ground substance.

Myofibroblasts are specialised fibroblasts containing actin to help wound contraction

27
Q

Fibroblasts are involved in the formation of collagen, what do they synthesise to help this process?

A

Procollagen

28
Q

Why do fibroblasts have lost of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Making lots of proteins

29
Q

What are macrophages derived from?

A

Monocytes

30
Q

List functions of macrophages:

A

Professional antigen presenters
Phagocytosis
Degrade debris and foreign bodies

31
Q

What do mast cells look like but are not a derivative of?

A

Basophils

32
Q

What do the granules in mast cells contain?

A

Histamine- increased blood vessel permeability
Heparin- anticoagulant
Substances to attract for neutrophils and Eosoniphils

33
Q

Why aren’t mast cells found in the CNS?

A

Oedema could be damaging

34
Q

What coats masts cells and what’s the role in allergy?

A

IgE bind allergens and the cross links establishing triggers granule release

35
Q

How many kinds of collagen are the in the body?

A

Over 28

36
Q

Which type of collagen is most abundant?

A

Type 1

37
Q

Which type of collagen is found in reticulin?

A

Type 3

38
Q

Where do you find type 3 collagen?

A

Around muscles and nerves and in the lymphatic system

39
Q

Which type of collagen doesn’t make fibres?

A

Type 2 in hyaline and elastic

40
Q

Type 4 collagen is found where in the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina

41
Q

Describe a collagen molecules structure

A

Alpha chains form a triple helix

42
Q

What is the significance of vitamin C in collagen?

A

Intracellular Procollagen production is reliant on Vit c. Without it patients suffer scurvy and have impaired bone formation and poor wound healing.

43
Q

Osteogenesis imperfect a is a result of abnormal?

A

Type 1 collagen

44
Q

Reticulin fibres are composed of type 3 collagen. Where are they found?

A

Lymph nodes

45
Q

Elastic fibres are made up of ?

A

Elastin

46
Q

Elastic fibres are adundant in what structures?

A

Dermis, artery walls, lungs and sites bearing elastic cartilage

47
Q

What is Marfans?

A

Automakers dominant disorder on the fibrillin gene. Elastic tissue is abnormal- blood vessels, elastic cartilage, lungs and dermis.
Tall, arachnodactyly, frequent joint dislocation, aortic rupture risk

48
Q

What is found in the tunica Initima of blood vessels?

A

Endothelial cells

49
Q

Elastin lamellae are found in which layer of blood vessel walls?

A

Tunica media

50
Q

Collagen in blood vessels in found in which layer?

A

Tunica Adventia

51
Q

Why is cold good for metabolism?

A

Brown fat metabolises in cold temperatures

52
Q

Why do fat cells look empty in histology?

A

Chemicals used to treat and prep sample breaks adipose down

53
Q

White fat cells have what features in histology?

A

Displaced peripheral nucleus and cytoplasm. Single fat droplet in middle

54
Q

Which fat type generates heat?

A

Brown

55
Q

Where is the nucleus in brown fat cells?

A

Central to many lipid droplets with lots of mitochondria - for no shivering thermogenesis.

56
Q

Gherlin is released from where and does what?

A

Stomach and signals to the brain you are hungry

57
Q

What suppresses appetite?

A

Leptin which is stored and secreted in fat cells when your eating.

Year 1 Body Logistics (11 decks)

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