Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 Body Logistics > The Liver > Flashcards

The Liver Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

2 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What ligament is found between the lobes and what is its roles?

A

Falciform ligament - A peritoneal fold that teaches the liver to the ant ado wall and the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery drain from and to?

A

Small intestine, caecum, ascending and tranverse colon to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the gall bladders function?

A

Concentrates and stores bile and removes water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much bile per day do we produce?

A

1L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What veins feed into the portal vein?

A

splenic vein, sup and lower mesenteric vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is it called the portal vein?

A

It is a portal system of two capillary beds in series.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the to portal systems we have.

A

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Hepatic portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The second capillary bed in the hepatic portal system is called….. and its function is……

A

Liver sinusoids

absorbs nutrients and removes toxins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is seen in the portal triad?

A

Bile duct
hepatic artery
Portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The terminal hepatic venues are found where?

A

In the middle of a liver lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What travels in the portal vein?

A 
Water
Water soluble vitamins 
Electrolytes 
Carbs
Proteins 
GI hormones
Ammonia and other toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is ammonia so dangerous?

A

It can cross the blood brain barrier so we need to transaminate it in the liver to glutamate and then it can be converted to urea for excretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What toxins do we take in in food?

A 
Chemicals 
Bacteria 
Viruses
Proatzoa 
Worms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do lipids travel from the gut?

A

Lymphatics as chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do chylomicrons join systemic circulation?

A

Thoracic duct.

17
Q

Name the fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

18
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A 
Metabolism 
Storage - carbs and fats 
Protein made and secreted in to blood
Detoxification 
Bile production
19
Q

Whats stored in the liver?

A 
Iron 
Vitamine A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin K 
Glycogen
20
Q

What does the liver make?

A

Glycogen, albumin, coagulation factors (2,7,9 and 10)

foetal haematopoesis

21
Q

What is catabolised in the liver?

A

Toxins
Hormones
Hameoglobin
Poisons

22
Q

The liver can act as a filter and what specialised immune cell is responsible for this?

A

Kupffer cells which cycle old red cells and ingest pathogens

23
Q

Bile is released by …… secretion.

A

Exocrine

24
Q

What 3 board categories can the livers endocrine functions be split into?

A

Production
Modification
Degradation

25
Q

What endocrine substances does the liver make?

A

Angiotensinogen, thrombopoetin and IGF-1

26
Q

Vitamin D and thyroxine are ….. in the liver

A

Modified

27
Q

What happens to insulin, glucagon, oestrogen and progesterone in the liver?

A

They are broken down

28
Q

What cells make up 80% of the liver?

A

Hepatocytes

29
Q

List specialised features of hepatocytes

A
  • Regenerative ability
  • Numerous mitochondria
  • Numerous peroxisomes
  • Numerous free ribosomes
  • Numerous RER and SER
  • Numerous golgi
  • Glycogen deposits
30
Q

If the bone marrow and spleen fail what can the liver do?

A

take ver haematopoesis and removal of old red cells.

31
Q

What major vessel do the hepatic venues drain to?

A

IVC

32
Q

What flows from mid lobule to the portal triad?

A

Bile in Bile ducts

33
Q

Are the endothelial gaps in sinusoids large or small?

A

large

34
Q

Where do lymphatics arise in the liver and drain to?

A

Periporyal space of Mall and drain to the liver hilum

35
Q

From the liver hilum where does the lymph flow to?

A

Hepatic duct.

36
Q

What are Ito cells?

A

Stellate cells are filled with vitamin A.

Stellate cells loose their vitamin A stores in cirrhosis and differentiate to myofibroblasts.

37
Q

Why do you get portal hypertension in cirrhosis?

A

Collagen fibres in the perisinusoidal space surrounds the central vein.

Year 1 Body Logistics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions