TISSUES Flashcards
A group of similar cells with similar structure
Tissue
The microscopic study of tissue structure
Histology
Four Basic Types of Tissues
Epithelium
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
Covers and protect surfaces, both outside and inside of the body
Epithelium
Tissue type that makes up the part of every organ in the body
Connective
Makes movement possible by contracting or shortening
Muscle
Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
Nervous tissue
Exposed and not attached to other cells
Free/Apical Surface
Surface between epithelial cells
Lateral Surface
Cells attached to other epithelial cells
Lateral Surface
Attaches cells to the epithelial tissues
Basal Surface
Surface that is located at the base of the tissue
Basal Surface
Helps attach cells to the underlying tissues; Act as filter and barrier
Basement Membrane
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
Protects
Barrier
Diffusion and Filtration
Secretion
Absorption
Opening of glands where secretion pass through
Ducts
Classification according to the number of cells
Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified
Single layer of cells
Simple Epithelium
More than one layer / multiple layers
Stratified Epithelium
Epithelium that appears to be stratified but is not.
Pseudostratified Epithelium
Modification of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched / STRETCHABLE
Transitional
Shape of cells
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Flat or scale like cells
Squamous
Cube like shape cells
Cuboidal
Tall and thin
Columnar
Composed of dead cells containg protein keratin, durable, moisture resistant, dry character
Keratinized
In the deepest, outermost layers, moist
Non-Keratinized
Specialized mucus producing cells
Goblet cells
1 layer of flat like cells
Simple Squamous
1 layer of cube like cells
Simple cuboidal
1 layer of tall, narrow cells
Simple columnar
1 layer of tall, narrow cells, appears stratified but it not
Pseudostratified columnar
Clear, thick fluid that protects the lining of the intestines
Mucus
Propels materials or debris
Cilia
What epithelium can be found in the lining of stomach and intestines
Simple Columnar Epithelium
What epithelium can be found in ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra?
Transitional Epithelium
Inrease cell’s surface area
Microvilli
Move material across the cell’s surface
Cilia
Produce mucus
Golblet cells
What are the cell connections
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Bind adjacent cell together
Tight Junctions
Mechanical links that bind cells
Desmosomes
Bind cells to the basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Allow small molecules and ions to pass
Gap junctions
Structures that secrete substances onto a surface
Glands
Secretory organs
Glands
2 Types of Glands
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
Glands without ducts
Endocrine glands
Glands with ducts; sweat or oil organs
Exocrine glands
Have a single, non-branched duct
Simple glands
Have a multiple, branched duct
Compound glands
Glands share as tubules
Tubular
Sac like structures
Alveolar or Acinar
Mode of Secretion
Merocine
Apocrine
Holocrine
Distinguished by large amounts of extracellular matrix
Connective tissue
Forms the matrix
Blast
Breaks down the matrix
Clast
Maintains the the matrix
Cytes
It forms bone
Osteoblasts
Contains large amount of lipids
Adipocytes
White blood cells that move about and ingest foreign substances
Macrophages
Means to eat
Phago
Play an important role in inflammation ; release histamine
Mast cells
Have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types
Mesenchymal cells
3 extracellular matrix components
Protein fibers
Ground substance
Fluid
3 types of protein fibers
Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers
3 major component of ground substance
Hyaluronic acid
Proteoglycan aggregates
Adhesive molecules
Makes fluid slippery
Hyaluronic acid
Trap water which gives tissues the capacity to recoil when deformed
Proteolglycan aggregates
Hold proteoglycans together and to plasma membrane
Adhesive molecules
The matrix liquid that enables blood flow rapidly through the body
Fluid
Very flexible but resist stretching
Collagen Fibers
Very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form supporting network
Reticular fibers
Have the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched
Elastic fiber
Consist of non fibrous molecules
Ground substances
Functions of connective tissue
Enclose and separate
Connect
Support and move parts
Store compounds
Cushion and insulate
Transport
Protect
Composed of chondrocytes ( cartilage cells )
Cartilage
3 supporting tissue : cartilage
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Covers the ends of the bones; can withstand repeated compression
Hyaline
More collagen, able to resist pulling or tearing; found in disks between vertebrae and some joints (knee and jaw)
Fibrocartilage
Contains elastic fibers; able to recoil to its original
Elastic
Hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and mineralized matrix
Bone
Located witihin the lacunae
Osteocytes
The matrix of bone is organized into layers is
Lamellae
2 types of bone
Compact bone
Spongy bone
More solid, no space between thin layers of mineralized matrix
Compact bone
Has spaces between trabeculae of bone
Spongy bone
Composed of formed elements and a fluid matrix
Blood
2 Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood
Homopoietic tissue
Composed of red and yellow marrow
Homopoietic tissue
Location of blood
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Main function is to contract, shorten, or making movement possible
Muscle tissue
3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Muscle cells are also called as
Muscle fibers
Conduct action potentials (electric signals) ; located in the brain, spinal cord
Nervous tissue
It is the nerve cells
Neurons
Transmit information
Neurons
Three major parts of neurons
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Cellular products that are called hormones
Endocrine
Contains few protein fibers and has numerous spaces
Loose connective tissue
Has relative large amount of protein fibers
Dense Connective Tissue
Consists of adipocytes or fat cells
Adipose
Collagen running in same direction
Regular collagenous
Collagen running in several direction
Irregular Collagenous
Matrix composed of collagen fibers and elastin fibers running in same direction
Regular Elastic
Matrix composed of collagen fibers and elastin fibers running in several direction
Irregular Elastic
Provide support, flexibility, and strength
Cartilage
Liquid connective tissue
Blood
What are the three major blood cells in our body?
Red Blood Cells / Erythrocytes
White Blood Cells / Leukocytes
Platelets / Thrombocytes
Blood that is oxygen carrier
Red blood cells
Blood that is part of the immune system
White blood cells
Blood clotting
Platelets
A thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity
Tissue membranes
The body is composed four membranes
One internal
Theee external
