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ANAPHY > MUSCULAR > Flashcards

MUSCULAR Flashcards

1
Q

3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth or Visceral
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2
Q

Striated and a Voluntary muscle

A

Skeletal

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3
Q

What are the two types of involuntary muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac
Smooth or Visceral

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4
Q

Major Functions of Muscular System

A

Movement
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Production of body heat
Communication
Constriction of organs and vessels
Contraction of the heart

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5
Q

Ability to shorten forcefully

A

Contractility

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6
Q

Capacity to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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7
Q

Can be stretched beyond its normal length

A

Extensibility

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8
Q

Ability to recoil to its original resting length

A

Elasticity

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9
Q

Attached to the bone

A

Skeletal Muscle

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10
Q

Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands

A

Smooth Muscle

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11
Q

Muscle in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

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12
Q

Move the body

A

Skeletal Muscle

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13
Q

Move food through digest tract

A

Smooth or Visceral Muscle

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14
Q

Contract heart to pumpl blood through the body

A

Cardiac Muscle

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15
Q

Connective tissue sheath that surround entire skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium / Muscle Fascia

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16
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers

A

Muscle Fascicles

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17
Q

Loose connective tissue that separate muscle fascicles from each other

A

Perimyseum

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18
Q

Separate muscle cells in each fascicle

A

Muscle fibers

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19
Q

Loose connective tissue that surround each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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20
Q

Contains transverse tubules (t-tubules)

A

Sarcolemma

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21
Q

Tube like inward folds associated with sarcoplasm ; connect sarcolemma to terminal cisternae

A

T-tubules

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22
Q

A type of smooth er that surrounds myosin

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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23
Q

Enlarged portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal Cisternae

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24
Q

Cytoplasm that contains bundles of microfibrils or microfibers

A

Sarcoplasm

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25
Q

Thread like bundles of proteins

A

Myofibrils

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26
Q

Protein fibers that make up the myofibrils

A

Myofilaments

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27
Q

Attachment sites for myosin filaments

A

Actin

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28
Q

Binding sites for Ca2+

A

Troponin

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29
Q

Cover the attachment sites on actin myofilament

A

Tropomyosin

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30
Q

2 Major Protein Fibers

A

Actin Myofilaments
Myosin Myofilaments

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31
Q

Thick myofilaments; contain mysosin head that rembles golf clubs

A

Myosin

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32
Q

The basic structural and functional contractile unit of skeletal muscle that contains actin and myosin myofilaments

A

Sarcomere

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33
Q

What composes of sarcomeres

A

Z disk
IA band
H zone
M line

34
Q

Separate one sarcomere

A

Z disk

35
Q

Light-staining band

A

I band

36
Q

Central dark staining disk

A

A band

37
Q

A disk that contains only myosin filaments ; center of sarcomere

A

H zone

38
Q

Anchors the myosin filaments

A

M line

39
Q

Cell membranes have a negative charge on the inside relative to positive charge outside

A

Resting Membrane Potential

40
Q

Brief reversal of the membrane charge

A

Action potential

41
Q

Na+ channels open causing the sodium ions to enter inside the cell membranes (becomes more positive)

A

Depolarization

42
Q

Na+ channels are closed and Na movement into the cell stops. The inside of the cell is negatively charged

A

Repolarization

43
Q

Weakest stimulus needed to produce a response

A

Threshold

44
Q

Stimulate muscles to contract

A

Motor neurons

45
Q

Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle

A

Motor neurons

46
Q

group of muscle fibers that motor neuron stimulates

A

Motor unit

47
Q

Where the neuron and muscle fibres meet

A

Neuromuscular junction or synapse

48
Q

The rapid depolarization and repolarization of the cell membrane

A

Action potential

49
Q

Enlarged axon terminal

A

Pre-synaptic terminal

50
Q

Contains the acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Synaptic vesicle

51
Q

Neurotransmitter contained in the vesicles

A

Acetylcholine (aCh)

52
Q

Enzyme that prevents the overstimulation of muscle fibers

A

Acetylcholinesterase

53
Q

Briefly discuss the sliding filament theory

A

Thin and thick filaments overlaps during muscle contraction

54
Q

Myosin head attach to the myosin

A

Cross bridges

55
Q

A high energy molecule produced from the energy

A

Atp

56
Q

Stiffening of muscle fibers that occurs after death

A

Rigor Mortis

57
Q

Contraction of muscle fiber in response to a stimulus

A

Muscle twitch

58
Q

Three types of muscle twitch

A

Lag phase / latent phase
Contraction phase
Relaxation phase

59
Q

Time between the application of stimulus and beginning of contraction

A

Lag phase or latent phase

60
Q

Time during when muscle contracts

A

Contraction Phase

61
Q

Time during when muscle relaxes

A

Relaxation phase

62
Q

Two ways of increasing the force of muscle contraction

A

Summation
Recruitment

63
Q

Individual muscles contract more forcefully through rapid stimulation

A

Summation

64
Q

Sustained contraction that occurs when the frequency of stimulation is so rapid that no relaxation occurs; convulsive tension

A

Tetanus

65
Q

More motor units are stimulated which INCREASED THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MUSCLE FIBERS CONTRACTING

A

Recruitment

66
Q

Two types of fibers

A

Slow twitch fibers
Fast twitch fibers

67
Q

Recquires oxygen for ATP production

A

Aerobic Respiration

68
Q

Doesn’t recquires oxygen for ATP production

A

Anaerobic Respiration

69
Q

Produced by skeletal muscles all the time, especially during exercise; alternate chemical form of lactic acid

A

Lactate

70
Q

An energy storage molecule from excess atp

A

Creatine phosphate

71
Q

State of reduced work capacity

A

Fatigue

72
Q

Main function is to prevent complete exhaustion of atp

A

Fatigue

73
Q

muscles may become incapable of either contracting or relaxing

A

Phsyiological contracture

74
Q

Type of fatigue that involved cns

A

Psychological fatigue

75
Q

Stores oxygen temporarily

A

Myglobin

76
Q

Increase tension of the muscle without changing its length ; equal distance

A

Isometric

77
Q

Constant tension produced by body muscles over the long periods of time

A

Muscle tone

78
Q

Enlarging or muscle fibers

A

Hypertrophy

79
Q

Constant amount of tension while decreasing the length of muscle

A

Isotonic

80
Q

Muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens

A

Concentric

81
Q

Muscle tension is maintained

A

Eccentric

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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