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ANAPHY > MUSCULAR > Flashcards

MUSCULAR Flashcards

1
Q

3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth or Visceral
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2
Q

Striated and a Voluntary muscle

A

Skeletal

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3
Q

What are the two types of involuntary muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac
Smooth or Visceral

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4
Q

Major Functions of Muscular System

A

Movement
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Production of body heat
Communication
Constriction of organs and vessels
Contraction of the heart

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5
Q

Ability to shorten forcefully

A

Contractility

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6
Q

Capacity to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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7
Q

Can be stretched beyond its normal length

A

Extensibility

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8
Q

Ability to recoil to its original resting length

A

Elasticity

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9
Q

Attached to the bone

A

Skeletal Muscle

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10
Q

Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands

A

Smooth Muscle

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11
Q

Muscle in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

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12
Q

Move the body

A

Skeletal Muscle

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13
Q

Move food through digest tract

A

Smooth or Visceral Muscle

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14
Q

Contract heart to pumpl blood through the body

A

Cardiac Muscle

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15
Q

Connective tissue sheath that surround entire skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium / Muscle Fascia

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16
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers

A

Muscle Fascicles

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17
Q

Loose connective tissue that separate muscle fascicles from each other

A

Perimyseum

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18
Q

Separate muscle cells in each fascicle

A

Muscle fibers

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19
Q

Loose connective tissue that surround each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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20
Q

Contains transverse tubules (t-tubules)

A

Sarcolemma

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21
Q

Tube like inward folds associated with sarcoplasm ; connect sarcolemma to terminal cisternae

A

T-tubules

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22
Q

A type of smooth er that surrounds myosin

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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23
Q

Enlarged portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal Cisternae

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24
Q

Cytoplasm that contains bundles of microfibrils or microfibers

A

Sarcoplasm

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25
Thread like bundles of proteins
Myofibrils
26
Protein fibers that make up the myofibrils
Myofilaments
27
Attachment sites for myosin filaments
Actin
28
Binding sites for Ca2+
Troponin
29
Cover the attachment sites on actin myofilament
Tropomyosin
30
2 Major Protein Fibers
Actin Myofilaments Myosin Myofilaments
31
Thick myofilaments; contain mysosin head that rembles golf clubs
Myosin
32
The basic structural and functional contractile unit of skeletal muscle that contains actin and myosin myofilaments
Sarcomere
33
What composes of sarcomeres
Z disk IA band H zone M line
34
Separate one sarcomere
Z disk
35
Light-staining band
I band
36
Central dark staining disk
A band
37
A disk that contains only myosin filaments ; center of sarcomere
H zone
38
Anchors the myosin filaments
M line
39
Cell membranes have a negative charge on the inside relative to positive charge outside
Resting Membrane Potential
40
Brief reversal of the membrane charge
Action potential
41
Na+ channels open causing the sodium ions to enter inside the cell membranes (becomes more positive)
Depolarization
42
Na+ channels are closed and Na movement into the cell stops. The inside of the cell is negatively charged
Repolarization
43
Weakest stimulus needed to produce a response
Threshold
44
Stimulate muscles to contract
Motor neurons
45
Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle
Motor neurons
46
group of muscle fibers that motor neuron stimulates
Motor unit
47
Where the neuron and muscle fibres meet
Neuromuscular junction or synapse
48
The rapid depolarization and repolarization of the cell membrane
Action potential
49
Enlarged axon terminal
Pre-synaptic terminal
50
Contains the acetylcholine (ACh)
Synaptic vesicle
51
Neurotransmitter contained in the vesicles
Acetylcholine (aCh)
52
Enzyme that prevents the overstimulation of muscle fibers
Acetylcholinesterase
53
Briefly discuss the sliding filament theory
Thin and thick filaments overlaps during muscle contraction
54
Myosin head attach to the myosin
Cross bridges
55
A high energy molecule produced from the energy
Atp
56
Stiffening of muscle fibers that occurs after death
Rigor Mortis
57
Contraction of muscle fiber in response to a stimulus
Muscle twitch
58
Three types of muscle twitch
Lag phase / latent phase Contraction phase Relaxation phase
59
Time between the application of stimulus and beginning of contraction
Lag phase or latent phase
60
Time during when muscle contracts
Contraction Phase
61
Time during when muscle relaxes
Relaxation phase
62
Two ways of increasing the force of muscle contraction
Summation Recruitment
63
Individual muscles contract more forcefully through rapid stimulation
Summation
64
Sustained contraction that occurs when the frequency of stimulation is so rapid that no relaxation occurs; convulsive tension
Tetanus
65
More motor units are stimulated which INCREASED THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MUSCLE FIBERS CONTRACTING
Recruitment
66
Two types of fibers
Slow twitch fibers Fast twitch fibers
67
Recquires oxygen for ATP production
Aerobic Respiration
68
Doesn't recquires oxygen for ATP production
Anaerobic Respiration
69
Produced by skeletal muscles all the time, especially during exercise; alternate chemical form of lactic acid
Lactate
70
An energy storage molecule from excess atp
Creatine phosphate
71
State of reduced work capacity
Fatigue
72
Main function is to prevent complete exhaustion of atp
Fatigue
73
muscles may become incapable of either contracting or relaxing
Phsyiological contracture
74
Type of fatigue that involved cns
Psychological fatigue
75
Stores oxygen temporarily
Myglobin
76
Increase tension of the muscle without changing its length ; equal distance
Isometric
77
Constant tension produced by body muscles over the long periods of time
Muscle tone
78
Enlarging or muscle fibers
Hypertrophy
79
Constant amount of tension while decreasing the length of muscle
Isotonic
80
Muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens
Concentric
81
Muscle tension is maintained
Eccentric

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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