Tissues Flashcards
What are the four types of tissues?
- Connective
- Epithelial
- Muscles
- Nervous
Epithelial
covers body, lines cavity
Connective
supports, protects, binds
Nervous
transmits information
Muscle
contracts to cause movements
What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?
1) covering and lining (skin and lining open cavities)
2) Glandular (forming glands for secretion)
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
- cellularity
- specialized contacts
- polarity: apical and basal
- support by connective tissue
- avascular but innervated
- regeneration
Classification of epithelia is based on two features, what are they?
1) number of layers
- simple: single for secretion and absorption
- stratified: many for protection
2) cell shape
- squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar
Simple squamous epithelium
examples: lungs, blood vessels, kidneys
Function: absorption and secretion
simple cuboidal epithelium
Examples: glands, ducts, kidney tubules
Function: absorption, secretion, limited protection
simple columnar epithelium
Ex: digestive tract, uterine tubes
Function: absorption, secretion, protection
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
example: trachea, sperm ducts
Function: secretion
Stratified squamous epi
examples: mouth, skin, throat, vagina
Function: protection
Transitional epi
example: bladder, ureters
Function: expand, recoil
Epithelia can also be glands. What are the two types?
1) Endocrine (secrete directly into interstitial fluid)
2) Exocrine ( secrete to body surface or cavity)
Connective Tissue (CT) is what
- supports, binds, and protects, insulates, transports
- is the most diverse, widely distributed and abundant
What are the characteristics of CT?
1) few cells
2) extracellular matrix
3) Embryonic origin from mesenchyme
All CT have three components, what are they?
1) Cells (macrophages, mast)
2) Fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular)
3) Ground substance
What are the 4 classes of connective tissue?
- connective tissue proper
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
Areolar Connective tissue Proper
Loose: “packaging material”
what: cell variety, collagen/elastic fibers
Fxn: wrap and cushion organs
Where: around organs, under skin
Adipose (fat) Connective tissue Proper
Loose: “packaging material”
what: adipocytes
Fxn: energy, insulate, cushion
Where: under skin, abdomen, breast
Irregular CT Proper
Dense: collagen fibers that bind
what: collagen fibers in no pattern, fibroblast
Fxn: tension in all directions, strength
where: capsules of joints, skin
Regular CT Proper
Dense: collagen fibers that bind
what: collagen fibers in parallel, fibroblast
Fxn: attachment, the tension in one direction
where: tendons and ligaments
Cartilage
what: chondrocytes in water, collagen fibers, avascular
fxn: supports and resists compression
Hyaline Cartilage
Fxn: stiff support
Where: rib ends, bone surface, trachea, nose
Elastic Cartilage
Fxn: flexible support
Where: ear, larynx
Fibrocartilage
Fxn: resist compression
Where: knee, intervertebral disc, pelvis
Bone (osseous tissue)
What: osteocytes , collagen fibers, calcium salts, vascular
Fxn: supports and protects
Where: bones
Blood
What: blood cells in plasma
Fxn: transports
Where: blood vessels
what are the three common components in blood?
- Ground substance: plasma
2. Fibers: proteins in plasma 3. Cells: red and white blood cells
Epithelial tissue and CT proper combined to make what?
a membrane
membranes are
- two tissue types so they are organs
- body linings or coverings
what are the 4 types of membranes
- Cutaneous
- Mucous
- Serous
Mucous Membranes
line body cavities open to exterior and can secrete mucous to help pass substances
Serous Membranes
line body cavities closed to exterior and secrete fluid to help reduce friction
