Integumentary System Flashcards
Integumentary system consists of these components
- skin
2. skin appendages
Components of the
Integumentary system
- layers (skins)
2. hair, sweat and oil glands, nails (skin appendages)
Functions of the Integumentary system
- Protection
- Body temperature regulation
- Excretion
- Production of vitamin D
- Sensory reception
Skin has two layers what are they?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
Epidermis
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- 4-5 layers
- 4 cells types
What are the four cell types?
- Keratinocytes: keratin, protection
- Melanocytes: melanin, color
- Dendritic cells: immunity
- Tactile (Merkel) cells: touch
Epidermis layers
stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
Dermis has two regions what are they?
- Papillary dermis w/papillae
2. Reticular dermis
Dense irregular CT
- Collagen and elastic fibers
- Stretch marks
- Cleavage lines
What are the other components of the dermis?
- oil and sweat glands
- hair follicles
- blood vessels: nourishment
- nerve cells: sensation
the hypodermis is where
below the skin
- (subcutaneous layer)
- adipose fat tissue
- loose connective tissue: elastic & collagen fibers
- blood vessels
skin color is determined by 3 pigments, what are they?
- melanin
- carotene
- hemoglobin
Integumentary system also includes
-skin appendages (nails, hair and hair follicles, sweat glands and oil glands)
What is the structure of the nail?
- scale like modification of epidermis
- hard keratin
- distal part of finger or toe
- matrix: growth
what is the function of the nail?
-“tool”
what is the structure of the hair(pili) ?
- columns of dead keratinized cells
- widely distributed
What is the function of the hair?
- protection
- detect touch
Hair follicle
- hair root: hair in the follicle (in skin)
- hair shaft: hair remains
- hair bulb with matrix–> new hair
- arrector pili: smooth muscle
what are the glands in your skin?
- epithelial tissue: glandular
- exocrine glands: secrete to the surface
Sebaceous (oil) glands
- Everywhere except palms and soles
- Secrete sebum into hair follicle or skin pore
- Fxn: Inhibit bacteria, moisten skin and hair
what are the two types of Sweat (sudoriferous) glands?
- eccrine (secret true sweat)
fxn: thermoregulation - Apocrine (secrete sweat + fat + proteins)
fxn: puberty, sexual scents
What causes burns?
-heat
-chemicals
and lead to cell death
what are the effects of burns?
- body fluid loss
- sepsis
What are the degrees of burns?
First: epidermis
second: dermis
third: all three layers
What is skin cancer?
cancer: uncontrolled cell growth
What is the risk of skin cancer?
overexposure to UV rays, lack of melanin
How does it damage your skin?
it damages DNA in skin cells
How can you reduce the risk of skin cancer?
- avoid high intensity sunlight
- use sunscreen/block
