The Cell

Question 1

What are the cell’s 3 main parts?

Answer 1

• plasma membrane(inside from outside)
• cytoplasm (cytosol, organelles, inclusions)
• nucleus (control center)

Question 2

Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

• has a phospholipid bilayer (head is hydrophilic and tails are hydrophobic)
• the bilayer is fluid
• it is called the fluid mosaic model

Question 3

what are the plasma membrane proteins?

Answer 3

• peripheral
• integral (transmembrane)
• Glycoproteins
• Glycocalyx is attached on top of glycoproteins)

Question 4

What are the plasma membrane’s functions?

Answer 4

• serves as a protective barrier
• selective permeability: membrane transport
• receptors for communication

Question 5

What are the cytoplasm’s 3 main parts?

Answer 5

1) cytosol (jellylike fluid with proteins)
2) organelles (functional units)
3) inclusions: temporary structures for storage)

Question 6

what are the ribosome’s structure and function

Answer 6

Structure: proteins bound to the rough ER or free in cytoplasm
Function: synthesize proteins

Question 7

what are the Endoplasmic reticulum’s structure and function?

Answer 7

Structure: interconnected membranes continuous with the nuclear and cell membrane
Function: synthesizes, stores, transport, and detox

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

binds ribosomes & synthesize proteins

Question 9

Smooth ER

Answer 9

synthesizes lipids and breaks down drugs

Question 10

Golgi App

Answer 10

structure: flattened membrane sacs (cisternae) continuous with rough ER
function: modify, pack, and deliver proteins in vesicles

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Structure: spherical membranes with enzymes
Function: digest waste “garbage disposal”

Question 12

Peroxisomes

Answer 12

Structure: spherical membranes with enzymes
Function: detoxify harmful substances

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

“powerhouse” “power plants”
Structure: double membrane
Function: produce energy in the form of ATP (uses oxygen)

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Structure: series of rods (proteins) throughout the cytosol
Function: “cell skeleton” for structure & support

Question 15

what are the three types of rods?

Answer 15

• microfilaments
• microtubules
• intermediate filaments

Question 16

Centrosome & Centrioles

Answer 16

Structure: centrosome is near nucleus containing centrioles (microtubule bundles)
Function: forms spindle during mitosis for division for nucleus

Question 17

The nucleus

Answer 17

Structures: 
-Nuclear envelope (membrane)
 -Nucleolus: synthesizes ribosomes
-Chromatin: DNA + proteins
Function: control center