Muscle System Flashcards
what are the properties of muscle tissue?
- contractility
- excitability
- extensibility
- elasticity
what are the functions of muscle tissue?
- produce movement
- open and close body passageways
- maintain posture and stabilize joints
- generate heat
what are the types of muscle tissue?
-skeletal, cardiac, smooth
where is the skeletal muscle located?
they are attached to the bone sometimes skin
what is the function of the skeletal muscle?
movement of skeleton
voluntary and striated
where is the cardiac muscle located
wall of the heart
what is the function of the cardiac muscle?
to circulate blood
involuntary
where is the location of the smooth muscle?
in the wall of hollow organs (ie. stomach, bladder, blood vessels)
What is the function of the smooth muscle?
moves substances (involuntary and nonstriated)
what are the gross structures of a muscle?
coverings of connective tissue to hold muscle together
what wraps a muscle?
the epimysium
what wraps a fascicle?
perimysium
what wraps a fiber (cell)?
endomysium
what are tendons?
muscle to bone attachment
what is aponeuroses
broad, muscle to muscle or bone attachment
what is the fascia?
connective tissue surrounding muscles
what are the microscopic structures of skeletal muscles?
muscle fiber: a muscle cell which contains
sarcolemma: plasma membrane
sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of the muscle
what are myofibrils?
rod-shape structures
What are sarcomere?
myofilaments (z-disc)
the functional unit of contraction to Z to Z line) which includes 2 types of myofilaments
What are the two types of myofilaments?
- thick (myosin protein)
- thin filaments (actin protein)
Fibers are striated because of
A band (dArk): thick overlapping with think filaments I band (lIght): only thin filaments
Fibers include two set of tubules to help contraction
t-tubules: conduct nerve impulses to SR Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): store and release calcium
What are the 2 mechanisms of contraction for skeletal muscles?
- eccentric contraction generates a force while lengthening
- concentric contraction generates a force while shortening
what is sliding filament mechanism?
it is what happens when concentric contraction shortens
thin filaments slide past thick filaments
how do you control muscle contraction?
nervous system (neuron) muscular system
What do motor neurons do?
innervate skeletal fibers at the neuromuscular junction
what is a motor unit?
is one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates and controls
skeletal muscle fibers can be
fast glycolic fibers
- anaerobic (no oxygen)
- ATP: use quickly
- fast contraction
- white fibers
and
slow oxidative fibers
-ATP: use slowly
-aerobic (oxygen)
what are muscle disorder?
muscular dystrophy destroys muscle tissue
Myoblasts
fuse to form muscle tissue
Anabolic steriods
are drugs that increase muscle mass and strength
