Muscle System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the properties of muscle tissue?

A
  • contractility
  • excitability
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
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2
Q

what are the functions of muscle tissue?

A
  • produce movement
  • open and close body passageways
  • maintain posture and stabilize joints
  • generate heat
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3
Q

what are the types of muscle tissue?

A

-skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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4
Q

where is the skeletal muscle located?

A

they are attached to the bone sometimes skin

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5
Q

what is the function of the skeletal muscle?

A

movement of skeleton

voluntary and striated

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6
Q

where is the cardiac muscle located

A

wall of the heart

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7
Q

what is the function of the cardiac muscle?

A

to circulate blood

involuntary

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8
Q

where is the location of the smooth muscle?

A

in the wall of hollow organs (ie. stomach, bladder, blood vessels)

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9
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle?

A

moves substances (involuntary and nonstriated)

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10
Q

what are the gross structures of a muscle?

A

coverings of connective tissue to hold muscle together

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11
Q

what wraps a muscle?

A

the epimysium

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12
Q

what wraps a fascicle?

A

perimysium

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13
Q

what wraps a fiber (cell)?

A

endomysium

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14
Q

what are tendons?

A

muscle to bone attachment

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15
Q

what is aponeuroses

A

broad, muscle to muscle or bone attachment

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16
Q

what is the fascia?

A

connective tissue surrounding muscles

17
Q

what are the microscopic structures of skeletal muscles?

A

muscle fiber: a muscle cell which contains

sarcolemma: plasma membrane
sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of the muscle

18
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

rod-shape structures

19
Q

What are sarcomere?

A

myofilaments (z-disc)

the functional unit of contraction to Z to Z line) which includes 2 types of myofilaments

20
Q

What are the two types of myofilaments?

A
  • thick (myosin protein)

- thin filaments (actin protein)

21
Q

Fibers are striated because of

A
A band (dArk): thick overlapping with think filaments 
I band (lIght): only thin filaments
22
Q

Fibers include two set of tubules to help contraction

A
t-tubules: conduct nerve impulses to SR
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): store and release calcium
23
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of contraction for skeletal muscles?

A
  • eccentric contraction generates a force while lengthening

- concentric contraction generates a force while shortening

24
Q

what is sliding filament mechanism?

A

it is what happens when concentric contraction shortens

thin filaments slide past thick filaments

25
how do you control muscle contraction?
``` nervous system (neuron) muscular system ```
26
What do motor neurons do?
innervate skeletal fibers at the neuromuscular junction
27
what is a motor unit?
is one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates and controls
28
skeletal muscle fibers can be
fast glycolic fibers - anaerobic (no oxygen) - ATP: use quickly - fast contraction - white fibers and slow oxidative fibers -ATP: use slowly -aerobic (oxygen)
29
what are muscle disorder?
muscular dystrophy destroys muscle tissue
30
Myoblasts
fuse to form muscle tissue
31
Anabolic steriods
are drugs that increase muscle mass and strength