Tissue organisation, topographical basis Flashcards
Definition of somatic
Whole body, describe elements that make up walls of trunk and limbs, bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle which are supplied by somatic nervous system
Definition od visceral
All organs in trunk, head, neck. Supplied by visceral nervous system (ANS)
Definition of skin
Covers outer body surface, internal structures separated by connective tissue into compartments
Properties of skin
Covers outer body surface of body
Internal structures are separated by connective tissue into compartments
Function of skin
Protection
Thermoregulation
Provides sensory information about surrounding environment
Vitamin D synthesis
Layers of skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Superficial fascia
Structure of epidermis
90% keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langherhans cells
Merkel cells
Structure of dermis
Connective tissue Macrophages Adipocytes Fibroblasts Collagen Elastic fibres Blood vessels Nerves Glands Hair follicles
Structure of superficial fascia
Collagen
Fat cells
Elastic fibres
Function of superficial fascia
Storage of water and fat
Protection against mechanical shock as fat and water acts as a cushion
Thermal insulation, fat and water acts as heat barrier
Conduction to transport nerves and blood vessels to skin
Structure of deep fascia
Highly organized connective tissue layer
Very little fat, organized collagen fibers in parallel
Function of deep fascia
Conduction
Movement of muscle
Attachment for some muscles
Capsules around organs and glands
Conduction in deep fascia
Vessels, nerves transported via fascia in neuromuscular bundles
Movement of muscles in deep fascia
Wrapped here, can slide over each other
Attachment for some muscles in deep fascia
Temporalis, some limb muscles gain partial attachment here
Capsules around organs and glands
Forms compartments
Types of serous membranes
Pleura
Pericardium
Peritoneum
Function of serous membranes
Line internal cavities
Consists of mesothelium
Supported by loose connective tissue
Structure of serous membranes
Thin double layers, inner intimate with viscera, outer anchored to body wall
Small space in between filled with fluid, minimize friction
Artery naming
Named arteries are elastic/musclar
Every time artery changed region it is in, name changes
When arteries are associated with muscles, can divide into 3 parts (before muscle, under muscle and after muscle)
Properties of arteries of the upper limbs
Collateral arteries ensure continuous blood flow irrespective pf position of limb
How does blood pressure change as blood flows through the circulatory system
Starts high in arteries
Falls rapidly in capillaries
Stays low in veins
Vein naming
Same name as arteries generally
Deep veins surrounded by muscle so blood pushed up against gravity
Veins accompanied arteries contained within same deep fascia
So when artery expands, can push blood up vein
Structure and function of lymphatic systemq
Too small to see
Not all tissue fluid reabsorbed by nexus side of capillaries, enter lymphatic system
Drains into subclavian veins and vena cava
