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Functional Anatomy and Embryology > Building tissues from cells > Flashcards

Building tissues from cells Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a tissue

A

Collections of similar cells and material surrounding them

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2
Q

Definition of histology

A

Microscopic study of tissues

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3
Q

Definition of exocrine

A

Secrete to free surface

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4
Q

Definition of endocrine

A

Secrete to blood stream

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5
Q

Major types of adult tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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6
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A 
Exist as sheets
Cover body surface
Line almost all internal cavities
Rests on basement membrane
Depend on diffusion for nutrients, no blood vessels in BM
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7
Q

Structure of epithelial tissue

A 
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Circular fibre
Longitudinal fibre
Connective tissue
Epithelium
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8
Q

Importance of basement membrane

A

ECM made of T4 collagen
Secrete proteins and bind to them
Membrane can have varying thickness, can act as a filter

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9
Q

Classification of epithelial tissue

A

Cell shape
Layer structure
Surface specialization
Location and function

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10
Q

Cell shapes

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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11
Q

Layer structure

A

Simple
Pseudostratified
Stratified

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12
Q

Surface specialisation

A

Ciliated
Microvilli
Keratinized

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13
Q

Location and function

A

Respiratory, ciliated columnar PS w goblet cell

Transitional, only in urinary, stratified, squamous, cuboidal

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14
Q

Location of glands and types

A

Almost all originate as invaginations of epithelium, retain epithelial organisation
Endocrine and exocrine

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15
Q

Formation of endocrine glands

A

Solid epithelial growth, does not break through BM, migrates
Epithelial cells move into mesenchyme, surrounded by BM
Forms cords of glandular cells, trap blood capillary

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16
Q

Formation of exocrine glands

A

Solid epithelial growth into mesenchyme, does not break through BM,
Form secretory cells, excretory duct and surrounded by blood capillaries

17
Q

Types of exocrine glands

A 
Simple tubular
Simple coiled tubular
Simple branched tubular
Simple acinar
Simple branched acinar
Compound branched tubular
Compound acinar
Compound tubule-acinar
18
Q

Types of exocrine secretion mechanism

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

19
Q

How do merocrine glands work

A

Vesicles open onto cell syrface

Secretory product discharged from cell in exocytosis

20
Q

How do apocrine glands work

A

Some apical cytoplasm lost with secretory products

Sweat, mammary, prostate

21
Q

How do holocrine glands work

A

Breakdown and discharge of entire secretory cell

22
Q

Cell junctions and function

A

Keeps epithelial sheets tightly bond
Anchor junctions
Allows functional integrity of cells selective barriers/communication

23
Q

Name of junctions in the epithelial cells

A 
Tight junctions
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Hemidesmosomes
24
Q

Function and properties of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

A

Both attached to intermediate filaments
Anchored allow for flexing of cell sheets, prevent cells from being ripped apart/from underlying tissue
Adjacent cells joined by adhesion proteins (desmoglein, desmocolin)
Only attach like to like

25
Q

Function and properties of adherents junction

A

Links 1 cell to another with different adhesion proteins (cadherin)
Anchor proteins attach to actin filaments
Actin creates rigid structures, hold columnar cells upright

26
Q

Types on non anchoring junctions

A

Tight, occludent barrier junction

Gap, selective communication between cells

27
Q

Function and properties of tight junctions

A 
Bring 2 cells so close together that nothing can pass between them
Prevents substances (glucose) from diffusing back out into gut lumen, homeostasis
Adhesion proteins (claudia and occluding) bind like to like
28
Q

Function and properties of gap junctions

A

Allow molecules to freely move between adjacent cells
Has many channels made up of connexion proteins
All channels closed, prevent cytoplasm from leaking out, only open when 2 like channels meet
Allows ions, glucose, AA and O2 through
Allows for equilibration of substances via osmosis
In embryo, allow diffusion of Ca2+ to adjacent cells to trigger Ca2+ production in adjacent cell

Functional Anatomy and Embryology (28 decks)

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