Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Boundaries of the abdominal cavity
Thoracic
Abdominal
Roof, bidomed diaphragm
Walls, anterior and posterior muscles
Floor, Pelvic floor, continuous w abdominal cavity/inlet, lines up with top of sacrum
Surface anatomy of the abdomen
Diaphragm, dome above costal margin
Top of hips, iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine joined to pubic tubercle via inguinal ligament
Subdivisions of the abdomen
Right hyperchondriac, Epigastric, Left hyperchondriac
Right lumbar, Umbilicus, Left lumbar
Right iliac, Superopubic, Left iliac
Planes of the abdomen
Transpyloric plane (L1) Subcostal plane (L3) Paraumbilical plane (L3/4) Transtubercular plane (L5)
General plane structure of abdomen
Skin Campers fascia Sharpers fascia External oblique Internal oblique Transverse abdominis Transversals fascia Peritoneum
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Fascias of the abdomen
Campers
Scarpers
Lumbar
Transversalis
Campers fascia
Superficial fatty layer
Scarpers fascia
Deep to Campers fascia
Tough membranous layer
Lumbar fascia
Binds deep back muscle to spine of transverse process of vertebrae
Transversalis fascia
Aponeurotic membrane between inner surface of transversus abdomens and parietal peritoneum
Superficial veins of the abdomen
Axillary vein Lateral thoracic vein Thoracoepigastic vein Paraumbilical vein Superficial epigastric Femoral vein
Lymph nodes of the abdomen
Axillary
Superficial inguinal
Superficial subinguinal
Anterior abdominal wall muscles
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
- attachment
- fibre direction
- function
- innervation
Attachment => CC5-7 and xiphisternum to pubic crest
Fibres split by the linea alba and tendinous intersections
Function => abdomen compression, pelvic stabiliser
Innervation => T7-T12
External oblique
- attachemnt
- fibre direction
- function
- innervation
Attachment => R5-12, iliac crest, pubic tubercle
Fibre direction => inferiomedial
Function => contralateral rotation and flexion anteriorly
Innervation =>T7-T12
Internal oblique
- attachement
- fibre direction
- function
- innervation
Attachment => R10-12, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Fibre direction => inferolateral
Function (bilateral) => abdomen compression
Function (unilateral) => ipsilateral rotation
Innervation => T7-L1
Tranversus abdominis
- attachment
- fibre direction
- function
- innervation
Attachment => CC7-12, xiphisternum, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Fibre direction => transverse
Function => abdomen compression
Innervation => T7-L1
The rectus sheath above arcuate line
Skin
Campers
Scarpers
External oblique (above rectus abdominis)
Internal oblique (above and below rectus abdominis)
Transversus abdominis (below rectus abdominis)
Transversalis fascia
The rectus sheath below arcuate line
Skin
Campers
Scarpers
External oblique (above rectus abdominis)
Internal oblique (above rectus abdominis)
Transversus abdominis (above rectus abdominis)
Transversalis fascia
The rectus sheath and blood vessels
Blood vessels pass under arcuate line to each muscle under the aponeurotic tendon
External iliac comes up to form inferior epigastric artery, joins with superior epigastric
Cutaneous nerves
Lateral cutaneous branches of T7-T12
Anterior cutaneous branches of T7-T12
L1
Blood supply of abdominal wall
Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery
Musculophrenic artery (diaphragm) Anterior intercostal arteries Internal thoracic artery (under the sternum)
