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Anatomy > Tissue Architecture > Flashcards

Tissue Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of cytoskeletal filaments are there?

A

Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microfilaments

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2
Q

Filament with great tensile strength due to rope-like properties

A

Intermediate Filaments

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3
Q

Filament significant in chromosomal segregation

A

Microtubules

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4
Q

filament that forms the nuclear lamina

A

Intermediate filaments

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5
Q 
Actin filament (F-action)
Twisted polymer of G-actin
A

Microfilaments

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6
Q

Filament that creates “tracks” to transport vesicles organelles & other cell components

A

Microtubules

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7
Q

Unstable filaments that are stable when associated with other proteins

A

microfilaments

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8
Q

Filament essential for cell movements

A

Microfilaments

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9
Q

Form a mesh network throughout cytoplasm

Often anchored to plasma membrane at cell-cell junctions

A

Intermediate filaments

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10
Q

Mutation in nuclear lamina causes

A

Cellular aging

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11
Q

Rapid assembly & disassembly
Form mitotic spindle
Part of cilia & flagella

A

Microtubules

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12
Q

Made of an alpha & beta heterodimer

A

Microtubules

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13
Q

Purpose of gamma-tubulin

A

Forms nucleus/centrosome that attach to the negative end

Positive end protrudes out and microtubules grow there

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14
Q

4 characteristics of cytoskeletal filaments

A

Strong, stability, dynamic & adaptable

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15
Q

Drug that binds & stabilizes microtubules

Does not all for microtubule growth & prevent functionality

A

Taxol

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16
Q

Drug that binds tubulin dimerrs & prevents their polymerization

A

Colchicine, colcemid

Vinblastine, vincristine

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17
Q

Caused by a mutation in collagen or collagen synthesis enzymes

A

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

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18
Q

Disease that results in loss of co-factor in hydroxylation of collagen monomers to make polymers

A

Scurvy

19
Q

Functions of extracellular matrix

A

Interacts with cells via transmembrane proteins
Anchor/cluster cells into tissues with distinct functions
Determine biochemical properties
Control cell polarity, survival, proliferation
Facilitate cell migration

20
Q

Function of proteoglycans in the ECM

A

Provides hydration and swelling pressure to the tissue enabling it to withstand compression forces

21
Q

Function of collagen in extracellular matrix

A

Direct flow of growth factors, facilitate cell migration & regulate inflammation

22
Q

Function of multiadhesive matrix proteins in ECM

A

Attach cells to ECM

Binding a variety of protein and signaling molecules like growth factors & hormones

23
Q

Collagen associates in ECM as

A

Fibers, sheets, or transmembrane structures

24
Q

Junctions
Cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion
Important in keeps cells together & structural cohesion

A

Anchoring junctions

25
Q

also known as tight junctions

Prevent leakage of transported solutes and water

A

Occulding junction

26
Q

Focal contacts link cells to

A

ECM or basil lamina

27
Q

Form channels to allow things to come in and out

A

Channel-forming junctions

28
Q

Sending signal from cell to cell or cell to matrix

A

Signal-relaying junctions

29
Q

CAMs: 3 major domains

A

Extracellular
Transmembrane
Cytoplasmic

30
Q

CAM domain that binds to adjacent cell/matrix proteins

A

Extracellular

31
Q

CAM domain that links CAM to membrane

A

Transmembrane

32
Q

CAM domain that binds to cytoskeleton via linker proteins

A

Cytoplasmic

33
Q

4 major families of CAM

A

Cadherins
Ig-superfamily CAMs
Integrins
Selectins

34
Q

Name the classic type I cadherins

A

E-cadherin & N-cadherin

35
Q

Type II classic cadherins

A

VE-cadherin

36
Q

Atypical cadherins

A

LI-cadherin (liver-intestine)

37
Q

Cadherins with well-established Ca2+ dependent homophilic adhesion function
Linked to actin cytoskeleton

A

Classic cadherins

38
Q

Cadherins that function as homophilic adhesion proteins without link to actin cytoskeleton

A

Atypical cadherins

39
Q

CAMs that are calcium—independennt
Immune cell interactions
Homophilic & heterophilic binding
Involved in recognition, binding or adhesion of cells

A

Ig Superfamily CAMs

40
Q

Family of Ca2+ dependent glycoproteins
Bind to extracellular carbohydrates
Low affinity interaction -> allows for “rolling”

A

Selectins

41
Q

L-selectin

A

Leukocyte

42
Q

P selectin

A

Platelet

43
Q

E-selectin

A

Endothelial

44
Q

CAM that couple the ECM to cell cytoskeleton
Cell-cell interactions via B2 family -> allow diapedesis
Can activate signal pathways

A

Integrins

Anatomy (12 decks)

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