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Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A 
Cellularity
Polarity
Attachment 
Avascular
Innervation 
Regeneration
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2
Q

Junction:
Impermeable/cells function as barrier
Enwrap top region (apical membrane) to stop transfer of things across

A

Tight/occulding junctions

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3
Q

Junction:
Fluid-filled channels that connect apposed cells
Mediate communicate (move ion from one cell to another)
Connexin aggregates

A

Gap/communicating junction

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4
Q

different types of anchoring junctions

A

Adherens
Desmosome
Hemidesmosomes

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5
Q

anchoring junction:

Lateral adhesions involving cadherins that interact with actin filaments

A

Adherens

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6
Q

Anchoring junctions: lateral adhesions involving cadherins that interact w/intermediate filaments
“Stronger adhesion”

A

Desomosome

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7
Q

Basal adhesions involving integrins that & intermediate filaments that anchor to basal lamina
connective tissue to basement membrane
Prevent epithelial from ripping off

A

hemidesmosomes

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8
Q

Bacteria that cause “food poisoning” target which junction

A

Tight junctions

Result in loss of fluid

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9
Q

Which junction is involved with blisters of oral mucosa

A

Desmosomes

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10
Q

Apical specialization:
Cytoplasmic processes containing actin core
Specialized for absorption
Increase surface area

A

Microvilli

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11
Q

Disease caused by loss of microvilli on absorptive cells in SI

A

Celiac disease

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12
Q

Apical Specialization:
Long & less mobile microvilli
Restricted location to epididymis & inner ear hair cells

A

Stereocilia

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13
Q

Apical specialization:

Long highly motile structures containing internal arrays of microtubules

A

Cilia

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14
Q

Cilia that beat in a wave-like fashion to propel substance across tissue
Most common

A

Motile cilia

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15
Q

Cilia that is immotile, function as chemosensors, osmosensors, mechanosensors
One cell

A

Primary cilia

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16
Q

Cilia that is embryonic
Has role in L/R axis determination
Located at end of primitive streak

A

Nodal cilia

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17
Q

simple squamous

Located in lining of blood & lymphatic vessels

A

Endothelium

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18
Q

Simple squamous

Located in lining of serous membranes

A

Mesothelium

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19
Q

Simple squamous
Description:
Location:
Function:

A

Single & flat cells
Lining of alveoli in lungs, kidney & various ducts
Exchange, barrier & lubrication

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20
Q

Simple cuboidal
Description:
Location:
Function:

A

Single layer, cube shaped
Kidney tubules, covering of ovary
Absorption, barrier, secretion

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21
Q

Simple columnar
Description:
Location:
Function

A

Single layer; longer than wide; nuclei circular more than oval
Stomach, intestine (SI/LI), gallbladder, uterus
Absorption & secretion

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22
Q

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
Description:
Location:
Function

A

“Simple epithelium”; cell vary in shape; look like multiple layers
Lining of nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
Absorption & secretion, debris & particulate movement

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23
Q

Urothelium
Description:
Location:
Function

A

aka transitional; “simple epithelium” looks like stratified
Urinary, bladder urethra, ureters
Barrier, distensible property

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24
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Description:
Location:
Function

A

Lack keratin; flat apical surface
Oral cavity, anus, vagina, urethra, cornea; get abrasion consistently
Barrier & protection

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25
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous
Description:
Location:
Function

A

Keratin on surface; waterproof
Epidermis
Barrier & protection

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26
Q

Stratified cuboidal
Description:
Location:
Function

A

Two or more layers: cube shaped
Sweat glands & ducts, ovarian follicles, salivary glands
Barrier & passageway

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27
Q

Membrane: epithelial tissue that lines internal body cavities

A

Serous membrane

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28
Q

Membrane: epithelial tissue that secretes mucus

A

Mucous membrane

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29
Q

Mucous membrane lines

A

Body cavities & tubular organs including the gut & respiratory

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30
Q

Serous membrane includes

A

Peritoneum, pericardium & pleura

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31
Q

Simple squamous epithelium that comprises part of a serous membrane

A

Mesothelium

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32
Q

Unicellular glands

A

One cell that has a gland-like function

Simplest in structure

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33
Q

Goblet cell

A

Unicellular gland

Mucus secreting cell lining the intestines & respiratory tract

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34
Q

Acinus

A

Exocrine glands have these secretory cells

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35
Q

Functional tissue of an organ, does not include CT & other supporting tissues

A

Parenchyma

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36
Q

Serous acini secretes

A

Water-based product

37
Q

Mucous acini secretes

A

Lipid-based product

38
Q

Mucoserous acini secretes both

A

Water-based product & lipid-based product

39
Q

Gland where secretion is delivered in membrane-bound vesicles to apical surface & undergo exocytosis

A

Merocrine gland

40
Q

Gland where secretion accumulates within cell leads to apoptosis to release cell debris

A

Holocrine gland

41
Q

Gland that releases the apical portion of the cell, surrounded by cytoplasm

A

Apocrine gland

42
Q

Example of merocine gland

A

Salivary glands

43
Q

Holocrine gland example

A

Sebacous glands

44
Q

Apocrine glands example

A

Mammary glands

45
Q

Simple glands

A

Unbranched ducts

46
Q

Compound glands

A

2+ branches

47
Q

Single gland secretory cells form straight tube

A

Simple tubular

48
Q

Single gland secretory cells form saclike structure

A

Simple acinar

49
Q

Simple gland secretory cell with branched secretory portion

A

Simple branched acinar

50
Q

Compound glands with coiled secretory portion

A

Compound tubular

51
Q

Compound gland with saclike secretor units

A

Compound acinar

52
Q

Compound glands with tubular & acinar secretory units

A

Compound tubuloacinar

53
Q

Low density tissue with both fixed and wandering cells; widespread
Holds organs in place

53
Q

What kind of connective tissue is areolar

A

Fibrous Loose Connective Tissue

53
Q

Fat containing tissue

53
Q

What kind of tissue is adipose tissue

A

Fibrous loose connective tissue

53
Q

Tissue rich in reticular fibers; forms an open framework to create a supportive mesh for holding free cells

53
Q

What kind of tissue is reticular tissue

A

Fibrous loose connective tissue

53
Q

Tissue in which fibers are deposited in a random pattern

In dermis of the skin

A

Dense irregular

53
Q

What kind of tissue is irregular connective tissue

A

Fibrous dense connective tissue

53
Q

Tissue in which fibers are deposited in a highly regular pattern
Tendons connecting skeletal muscle to bone

A

Dense regular

53
Q

What kind of tissue is regular connective tissue

A

Fibrous dense connective tissue

53
Q

Tissue rich in elastin fibers

53
Q

What kind of tissue is elastic connective tissue

A

fibrous dense connective tissue

53
Q

Tissue that supports & bind other tissues
Hold body fluids
Defend against infections

A

Loose connective tissue

53
Q

Loose connective tissue is found

A

Immediately under epithelium (referred to as lamina propia)

Around BVs, muscles and nerves

53
Q

Provides energy source & insulate against heat loss

Provides padding & cushioning of organs

A

Adipose CT

53
Q

Where is adipose CT found

A

Under skin, around organs, within stomach, breasts and buttocks

53
Q

Adipose tissue thee functions in energy storage, insulation and cushioning

A

White adipose tissue

53
Q

Adipose tissue that is a key thermogenic tissue

Abundant in newborns but reduced in adults

A

Brown adipose tissue

53
Q

Reticular connective tissue is found in

A

Liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen

Meshwork forms houses blood cells & immune cells

53
Q

Principle cell type of dense irregular/regular connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

53
Q

Found in dermis of skin
Capsules that surround internal organs
Fascia

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

53
Q

Tissue that is poorly vascularized
Resist pulling forces
When not under tension, has wavy appearance

A

Dense regular CT

53
Q 
Found in tendons, 
Ligaments
Aponeuroses 
Dense fascia, joint capsules 
(Lots of tension)
A

Dense regular CT

53
Q

Found in BV walls

Bronchiole tubules, lungs

A

Elastic CT

53
Q

COPD is involved with

A

Elastic CT

53
Q

Gel-like substance in ECM that contains all components of ECM except for collagen & elastin
Carries O2,CO2, nutrients & wastes

A

Ground substance

54
Q

Cell that produce collagens, proteoglycans & glycoproteins

A

Fibroblasts

55
Q

Connective tissue stem cells

A

Mesechymal cells

56
Q

Cells produce and maintain cartilage components

A

Chondrocytes

57
Q

Cells that produce bone components

A

Osteoblasts

58
Q

What is in fibrous component of ECM of CT

A

Collagens
Elastin
Reticular fibers

59
Q

Describe Type I collagen

A

Aligned & crosslinked to increase tensile strength

60
Q

Fixed or wandering?
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Mesenchymal cells

61
Q 
fixed or wandering? 
Macrophages 
Mast cells
Leukocytes 
Plasma Cells
62
Q

Autosomal dominant disorder where elastin is weak
Mutation in fibrillin-I gene
Life threatening cardiovascular anomalies
Tend to be tall with long arms/legs

A

Marfan’s Syndrome

63
Q

Function to produce collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, proteoglycans & glycoproteins in ECM

A

Fibroblasts

64
Q

Secrete chemicals such as heparin (anti-coagulant of blood)

A

Mast Cells

Anatomy (12 decks)

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