Osteology Of Back Flashcards
of cervical vertebrae
7
of thoracic vertebrae
12
of lumber vertebrae
5
Results from blow to top of head i.e. diving accident.
Fractures on both arches of atlas
Fracture alone does not injure spinal cord
If transverse l. Is ruptured the odontoid process may injure spinal cord
Jefferson fracture
Jefferson Fracture
Results from blow to top of head i.e. diving accident.
Fractures on both arches of atlas
Fracture alone does not injure spinal cord
If transverse l. Is ruptured the odontoid process may injure spinal cord
Fracture of vertebral arch of axis or Fracture of the Odontoid Process
Occurs as a result of hyperextension of the head on the neck or after horizontal blow to the head.
Hangman’s Fracture
Hangman’s Fracture
Fracture of vertebral arch of axis or Fracture of the Odontoid Process
Occurs as a result of hyperextension of the head on the neck or after horizontal blow to the head.
If odontoid process breaks at its base,
It will usually not heal, because the transverse l. holds it away from its blood supply.
If odontoid process breaks inferior to its base
It is much more likely to heal
The axis fractures in what two places
odontoid process and vertebral arch
Which cervical vertebrae are typical?
C3-6
Vertebral Lamina fail to fuse & close off the vertebral canal.
Occurs at L5 & S1
Often tuft of hair exists over defect
Spina Bifida Occulta
Spina Bifida Occulta
Vertebral Lamina fail to fuse & close off the vertebral canal.
Occurs at L5 & S1
Often tuft of hair exists over defect
Where is the vertebral a. transmitted?
Transverse Foramen (C1-C6)
Attachment point for Levator Scapulae & Scalene muscles
Posterior Tubercle
Posterior Tubercle is the attachment point for
Levator Scapulae & Scalene muscles
Anterior Tubercle is the attachment point for
Levator Scapulae & Scalene
Carotid Tubercle
The C6 anterior tubercle
Has a depressed area that accommodates the
Anterior Rami of Spinal nerves
Which cervical vertebrae has a long and well pronounced spinous process
C7
Sometimes breaking/dislocation of cervical vertebrae does not result in spinal cord injury. Why?
because of the large vertebral foramen
___________ are more horizontal than that of other vertebrae so it requires less force to dislocate cervical vertebrae
Articulating Facets of Cervical Vertebrae
Unique Features of a Cervical Vertebrae
“Bifed spinous process”
Large triangular foramen
Costotransverse bar
Uncinate Processes
Unique Features of Thoracic Vertebrae
small round vertebral foramen
“Heart” shaped vertebral body
Well pronounced lamina
Superior & Transverse & Inferior Costal Facet
Strongly inferiorly directed spinous process
What does the superior costal facet meet with
The costal (rib) head of the same # segment
What does the inferior costal facet meet with
The costal (rib) head one # segment up
What does the costal articulating facet of the tubercle meet with
The thoracic vertebral segment that is the same as the rib #
Degenerative joint disease
Involves calcification of vertebral body edges
Cause localized pain & stiffness
Spondylosis
Separation/Fracture of lamina/pedical/part of vertebral arch from vertebral body
Spondylolysis
Fracture and displacement of vertebral body on the interior vertebral segment
Spondylolisthesis
Which ribs are typical
3-9
Costal Groove of ribs house what?
Intercoastal nerves & vessels
Costal angle is
Anterolateral turning point of the rib
Unique Features of Lumber Vertebrae
Large Oval shaped vertebral foramen Mammillary Process Accessory Process Long slender transverse process Large kidney shaped vertebral body Short sturdy “Hatchet” shaved spinous Process
Narrowing of the Lumbar Vertebral foramen
Causes swelling and compression of one or more spinal nerve roots.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Where is the needle inserted for a lumbar puncture
L3/L4 or L4/L5 at the level of the iliac crests.
Why is the needle for lumbar puncture inserted at those levels
To avoid injuring the spinal cord
Describe Lumbar Puncture
Needle passes through the liagmentum flavum it “pops’” and passes into the lumbar cistern deep to the spinal dura and arachnoid matar
Roots & rootlets will open up with needle
Cerebrospinal fluid can then be draw out and evaluated.
(Upper) Median sacral crest is fused
Spinous process
(Lower) medial sacral crest is fused
Articulating process
Lateral Sacral Crest is fused
transverse processes
Partial or complete incorporation of the L5 veterbrae into the sacrum
Sacrilization
Separation of the S1 vertebra from the sacrum
Lumbarization
Results from falls on lower back & difficult child birth
Result in bruising
Dislocation/Fracture of Coccyx
Primary curvatures
Thoracic & Sacral Kyphoses
Secondary Curvatures
Cervical & Lumbar Lordoses
Exaggerated curving of the thoracic vertebral column
“Hump back”
Kyphosis
Exaggerated curving of the lumbar vertebral column
“Sway back”
Lordosis
Lateral curving of the spine (either right or left)
Scoliosis
