Timeline Dates Flashcards

1
Q

When did Suffolk negotiate an unpopular, but probably necessary, truce with France?

A

1444

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2
Q

When was Suffolk formally impeached as a traitor?

A

28th January 1450

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3
Q

In which month of 1450 did London temporarily fall into the hands of Jack Cade and his rebels?

A

July

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4
Q

In what year did Jack Cade’s rebellion occur?

A

1450

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5
Q

When did Richard of York return to London from Ireland at the head of a large army?

A

September 1450

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6
Q

In what year was a piece of land in Essex put in the joint trusteeship of York and Somerset?

A

1448

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7
Q

When was Henry VI’s heir, Edward, born?

A

13th October 1453

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8
Q

In what year had Somerset succeeded York as Lieutenant in France?

A

1447

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9
Q

when did Richard II become king?

A

1377

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10
Q

when did Henry Bolingbroke usurp Richard II?

A

1399

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11
Q

when was Richard II murdered?

A

February 1400

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12
Q

when were there rebellions against Henry IV?

A

1400-1408

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13
Q

when was Henry IV almost dethroned by Percy family?

A

1403

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14
Q

when was the Battle of Shrewsbury?

A

1403

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15
Q

when was the Battle of Bramham Moor ?

A

1408

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16
Q

when did Henry V become king?

A

1413

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17
Q

when was the Southampton plot?

A

1415

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18
Q

when was the Battle of Agincourt?

A

1415

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19
Q

when was Richard of York’s father executed for treason?

A

1415

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20
Q

when was the Treaty of Troyes?

A

1420

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21
Q

when did Henry VI become king?

A

31st August 1422

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22
Q

when was the Treaty of Arras?

A

1435

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23
Q

when did John, Duke of Bedford, die?

A

1435

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24
Q

when was the French reconquest of Paris?

A

April 1436

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25
Q

when was Richard Duke of York appointed English lieutenant of France?

A

1436-37 and 1440-45

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26
Q

when did Henry VI officially begin his ‘personal rule’ of England?

A

1437

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27
Q

when was the agrarian crisis in Northern England?

A

1438-40

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28
Q

when did the expensive but poorly led expedition to conquer lands in Gascony led by John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, end in total failure?

A

1443

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29
Q

when was the Truce of Tours?

A

1444

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30
Q

when did Henry VI marry Margaret of Anjou?

A

april 1445

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31
Q

when did Cardinal Beaufort die?

A

1447

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32
Q

when did Humphrey of Gloucester die?

A

1447

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33
Q

when did Edmund Beaufort (younger brother of John Beaufort), replace Richard of York as English Lieutenant in France?

A

1447-50

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34
Q

when was Maine surrendered to France?

A

March 1448

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35
Q

when did Edmund Beaufort becomes duke of Somerset?

A

1448

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36
Q

when were Rye and Winchelsea raided by French?

A

1448

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37
Q

when did England lose Normandy in France?

A

1449

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38
Q

when did Francois de Surienne capture the Breton town of Fougeres?

A

29 March 1449

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39
Q

when did French attacks begin on Normandy?

A

May 1449

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40
Q

when did the truce with France end?

A

July 1449

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41
Q

when was Rouen, the capital of Normandy, surrendered by Somerset?

A

29th October 1449

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42
Q

when was Bishop Adam Moleyns forced to resign from government?

A

november 1449

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43
Q

when did duke of somerset surrender at Caen allowing him to escape normandy?

A

1450

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44
Q

when was Duke of Suffolk’s ally, Bishop Adam Moleyns, murdered by mob in Portsmouth?

A

9th Jan 1450

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45
Q

when was Suffolk arrested, imprisoned in tower of london, and later banished for 5 years?

A

28th january 1450

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46
Q

when was the uprising in Ipswich?

A

3rd March 1450

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47
Q

when was the Battle of Formigny (decisive French victory in Normandy)?

A

15th April 1450

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48
Q

when was Duke of Suffolk, William de la Pole, killed on his way to exile in France?

A

2nd May 1450

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49
Q

when was Jack Cade’s Rebellion?

A

May-July 1450

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50
Q

when did Jack Cade change his last name to ‘Mortimer’?

A

early Jun 1450

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51
Q

when did Cade’s rebels clash with royal forces at Sevenoaks?

A

18th Jun 1450

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52
Q

when did the congregation of Edington Church Wiltshire hack William Ayscough, Bishop of Salisbury, to death?

A

29th Jun 1450

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53
Q

when did Cade’s men reach London and presented a formal complaint?

A

4th July 1450

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54
Q

when was Lord Saye killed by a mob?

A

4th July 1450

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55
Q

when was there a Battle on London Bridge between Cade’s men and officials of London where the rebels sustained heavy casualties?

A

8th Jul 1450

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56
Q

when did the King issued a pardon to all of Cade’s men that withdrew from the capital immediately. (The pardon did not apply to Cade who fled South)?

A

9th July 1450

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57
Q

when was Cade captured near Lewes?

A

12th July 1450

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58
Q

when did Edmund Beaufort returned to London from France. (Suffolk’s old allies made him their new leader and his influence grew with the king and queen)?

A

1st Aug 1450

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59
Q

when was Cherbourg surrendered to the French (a move that gave France control of all Normandy)?

A

12th Aug 1450

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60
Q

when did Richard of York return from Ireland, claiming conspiracy against him, and attempt to dominate government?

A

september 1450

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61
Q

when did York tour East Anglia gathering support including from the Duke of Norfolk. (He brought it to London to pressure government)?

A

October 1450

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62
Q

when did the York-supporting Commons in parliament petitioned for the removal of the lands, possessions, and access to the king of (among many others): Duke of Somerset, Duchess of Suffolk, Thomas Daniel, John Trevelyan?

A

November 1450

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63
Q

when was Somerset assaulted then placed in the tower of London for his own safety due to anti-Somerset protests in the city?

A

1st December 1450

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64
Q

when was the judicial initiative tour of Kent launched by HVI to deal with the rebels from Cade’s rebellion?

A

january 1451

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65
Q

by what point had Duke of Somerset had emerged as effective leader of the royal government?

A

spring 1451

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66
Q

when was Somerset appointed Captain of Calais?

A

april 1451

67
Q

when did Sir Thomas Young attempt to have York recognised as heir presumptive to the throne? (Commons agreed but Lords refused; Young arrested and sent to Tower)

A

may 1451

68
Q

when was York sent to West Country to deal with conflict between his friend Devon, Lord Moleyns and Cobham on one side, and Wiltshire and Lord Bonville on the other (Devon treated leniently)?

A

september 1451

69
Q

when did Queen Margaret begin to pay Somerset a 100 mark annuity?

A

november 1451

70
Q

when did Richard of York come to Ludlow?

A

christmas 1451

71
Q

when was Thomas Kent sent to Ludlow to appease York?

A

27th jan 1451

72
Q

when did york began his march on London gathering an army? (Intended to replace Somerset in government and put him on trial)

A

feb 1452

73
Q

when did somerset and Henry VI leave London intent on confronting York and holding a council at Coventry?

A

16th feb 1452

74
Q

when did Henry VI order the gates of London barred to York’s entry (York moved south to Dartford)?

A

24 Feb 1452

75
Q

when was the Dartford incident?

A

1st march 1452

76
Q

when did the huge royal army under Henry VI confront York’s forces at Blackheath. (York forced to submit, and was arrested for making a formal complaint against Somerset)?

A

2nd March 1452

77
Q

when was York taken to St Paul’s Cathedral and forced to swear a public oath not to rebel against the king again and use lawful processes?

A

10th march 1452

78
Q

when were General pardons issued to those who were not seen as the leaders in recent disturbances?

A

april 1452

79
Q

when did Henry VI tour the Welsh border punishing York’s supporters and sympathisers?

A

july-august 1452

80
Q

when was a judicial initiative tour of Coventry launched by HVI to successfully deal with the Courtenay-Bonville feud​?

A

september 1452

81
Q

when did Shrewsbury (John Talbot) recapture Bordeaux?

A

20th october 1452

82
Q

when did Henry VI ennoble his two half-brothers, Edmund Tudor (Earl of Richmond) and Jasper Tudor (Earl of Pembroke)?

A

23 november 1452

83
Q

when was Edmund Tudor engaged to Margaret Beaufort?

A

1453

84
Q

when was the Reading parliament?

A

march 1453

85
Q

when was the Battle of Castillon (huge English loss in Gascony, Talbot killed)?

A

17th july 1453

86
Q

when was gascony lost?

A

august 1453

87
Q

when was Henry VI’s first major period of insanity?

A

Aug 1453 - Dec 1554

88
Q

when was Richard’s First Protectorate ?

A

1454-1455

89
Q

when was Edmund Beaufort no longer duke of somerset ?

A

1455

90
Q

when was the First Battle at St Alban’s?

A

22nd may 1455

91
Q

when was Richard’s Second Protectorate?

A

1455-56

92
Q

when was the ‘Loveday’?

A

24th march 1458

93
Q

when was the Battle of Blore Heath (Yorkist victory)?

A

september 1459

94
Q

when was the Battle of Ludford Bridge (Lancastrian Victory)?

A

october 1459

95
Q

when did Henry V make William de la Pole admiral of Normandy?

A

1419

96
Q

when did Henry V make William de la Pole Knight of the Garter?

A

1421

97
Q

when did the Duke of Suffolk become Steward of the Royal Household?

A

1433

98
Q

when did Phillip of Burgundy break his alliance with England?

A

1434

99
Q

when was Pontoise surrendered?

A

1442

100
Q

when did Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, die?

A

1446

101
Q

when did Warwick gain the wardship of George Neville?

A

1450

102
Q

when was Warwick appointed to a commission of the peace for Warwickshire?

A

May 1452

103
Q

when did Warwick go on a commission to punish York’s supporters?

A

June 1452

104
Q

when was George Neville, Lord Bergaveney, placed in the wardship of Somerset?

A

June 1453

105
Q

when did the Council at Sheen demand that Warwick hand over Glamorgan to Somerset?

A

July 1453

106
Q

when was the Battle of Heworth?

A

August 1453

107
Q

when did the nobility debate what to do about HVI’s illness?

A

August 1453‒March 1454

108
Q

when was Edward of Wales born?

A

October 1453

109
Q

when was there bitter quarrel between York and Somerset at a noble council (which Somerset attempted to exclude York from) where the Nevilles (of Middleham) supported York despite general government resistance to York?

A

21st November 1453

110
Q

when was York’s ally, Norfolk, charged Somerset with treason and placed in the Tower of London whilst Devon (held since Dartford) was released from the Tower?

A

23rd November 1453

111
Q

when did Queen Margaret, York, Henry Holland (Duke of Exeter) each make a claim in parliament to be regent (Protector)?

A

February 1454

112
Q

when did Cardinal Kemp, the Chancellor, die and so (as the lords could not get a response from HVI) government resistance to York end?

A

22nd March 1454

113
Q

when was York was formally made Protector.(First Protectorate) ?

A

27th March 1454

114
Q

when did Courtenay exploit his friendship with York to attack Bonville and his ally, the Earl of Wiltshire, in Devon?

A

Spring-Summer 1454

115
Q

when was Thomas Courtenay found to have been more to blame for the Courtenay-Bonville feud and placed under a bond of £1000?

A

April 1454

116
Q

when was there an attempt to deal with the Longford-Blount feud by summonses before the council (which came to nothing)?

A

May 1454

117
Q

when did the Calais garrison mutiny because the government had not paid their wages?

A

May 1454

118
Q

when did Duke of Exeter (Henry Holland) and his Percy allies attack properties of York and the Nevilles in the north?

A

May-November 1454

119
Q

when did York and many other lords assemble a force to begin proceedings against Egremont’s and Exeter’s men (so Exeter fled to sanctuary in Westminster Abbey)?

A

June 1454

120
Q

when did York attempt to convince the lords to try Somerset (but he could not)?

A

June 1454

121
Q

when was York was finally able to arrange for the Staplers of Calais to pay the garrison?

A

July 1454

122
Q

when, when more violence occurred between Courtenay and Bonville, were they both placed under more punitive financial bonds?

A

July 1454

123
Q

when was Exeter removed from Westminster Abbey and imprisoned?

A

July 1454

124
Q

when did York block an attempt to release Somerset from prison?

A

July 1454

125
Q

when were Percy leaders, including Egremont, captured at the ‘battle’ of Stamford bridge?

A

1st November 1454

126
Q

when did HVI recover from his first bout of illness?

A

christmas day 1454

127
Q

when was York removed from office, after HVI recovered?

A

January 1455

128
Q

when did the First Protectorate ended as Somerset was released?

A

early February 1455

129
Q

when were York’s appointments removed from government and replaced by those of Somerset?

A

February-March 1455

130
Q

when were York and supporters not summoned to council meeting which decided on a Great Council being called at Leicester, May 1455?

A

April 1455

131
Q

when did York’s second period of government begin?

A

late May 1455

132
Q

when was Warwick made Captain of Calais?

A

late May 1455

133
Q

when was George Neville made bishop of Exeter?

A

late May 1455

134
Q

when was a parliament organised to legalise actions of the Yorkists (but only half the peerage attended)?

A

July 1455

135
Q

when was Buckingham able to arbitrate successfully between the Vernons and the Gresleys in the north midlands?

A

September 1455

136
Q

when did the Courtenays rampage through Devonshire?

A

October-December 1455

137
Q

when did York’s Second Protectorate officially start?

A

November 1455

138
Q

when was Edmund Tudor in conflict with Nicholas ap Gruffydd for control in South Wales?

A

November 1455- August 1456

139
Q

when was there a private ‘battle at Clyst between Courtenays (Devon) and Bonvilles where York intervened and his former ally, Devon, arrested?

A

15th December 1455

140
Q

when did Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, die?

A

1st November 1456

141
Q

when did York become involved, on HVI’s behalf, in a diplomatic conflict with James II of Scotland, who was threatening to invade?

A

May 1456

142
Q

when did York reply to James II, offering threats and taunts from his northern castle of Sandal?

A

July - August 1456

143
Q

when did a force of ~2000 men, led by Sir William Herbert and Sir Walter Devereux, march to Pembroke, seize Edmund Tudor and Camarthen Castle, and move to take Aberystwyth?

A

August 1456

144
Q

when did Margaret’s Chancellor, Lawrence Booth, replace Thomas Liseux, whose health was failing, as keeper of the privy seal?

A

24th September 1456

145
Q

when did John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, replaced Viscount Bourchier as Treasurer?

A

5th October 1456

146
Q

when did William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester and Henry VI’s Confessor, replace Archbishop Thomas Bourchier as Chancellor?

A

11th October 1456

147
Q

by what point were most of York’s appointments in government replaced by Lancastrian supporters?

A

October 1456

148
Q

when did Queen Margaret’s cousin, Marie (bastard daughter of Charles, count of Maine), marry Thomas Courtenay (Earl of Devon’s heir)?

A

1457

149
Q

when was the appointment of Lawrence Booth, Margaret’s supporter, as Bishop of Durham?

A

1457

150
Q

when did margaret make a series of appointments to set up the prince’s council?

A

28th January 1457

151
Q

when did a commission of oyer and terminer sit in Hereford to bring charges against two Yorkists in Wales (Herbert and Devereux. Herbert submitted and was pardoned; Devereux released from gaol early 1458)?

A

April 1457

152
Q

when were York’s constableships of Carmarthen and Aberystwyth transferred to Jasper Tudor (who became the dominant power in South Wales)?

A

21st April 1457

153
Q

when did a French raid on Sandwich lead the king and nobility to return to London?

A

August 1457

154
Q

when did the marriage of widowed Lancastrian heiress Margaret Beaufort to Sir Henry Stafford, second son of the Duke of Buckingham, help bring him into the Lancastrian ‘court’ party being built by the Queen?

A

January 1458

155
Q

when was the marriage of James Butler (Earl of Wiltshire) and Eleanor, daughter of Edmund Beaufort (deceased Duke of Somerset)?

A

April 1458

156
Q

when did the Earl of Shrewsbury’s heir marry Buckingham’s daughter, Catherine Stafford, due to Queen Margaret’s influence?

A

July 1458

157
Q

when was Warwick summoned to Westminster to answer charges of piracy?

A

9th November 1458

158
Q

when did John Arundel, HVI’s chaplain, become Bishop of Chichester?

A

1459

159
Q

when did John Hales, Margaret’s chaplain since 1445 and chaplain 1457-9, become bishop of Coventry and Lichfield?

A

1459

160
Q

when was the Battle of Blore Heath?

A

23rd September 1459

161
Q

when was the Battle of Ludford Bridge?

A

12-13 October 1459

162
Q

when did Salisbury, Warwick, and Edward of March reach Calais, when fleeing england?

A

2nd November 1459

163
Q

when did the ‘Parliament of Devils’ at Coventry attaint Yorkist lords for treason?

A

November 1459