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Cardiorespiratory module > Ticks > Flashcards

Ticks Flashcards

1
Q

Four major ticks in Australia

A

Ixodes holycyclus
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Haemaphysalis longicornis
Rhipicephalus australis

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2
Q

Tick paralysis

A

Ixodes holocyclus

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3
Q

Brown dog tick

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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4
Q

Bush tick

A

Haemaphysalis longicornis

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5
Q

Tick fever vector

A

Rhipicephalus australis

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6
Q

What is Rhipicephalus australis limited by?
Temp:____ for _____months
Rainfall: ____ /year

A

Climate
>18 degrees for 5-6
>500mm rain

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7
Q

What tick has yellow legs and is not very active on the host?

A

Rhipicephalus australis

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8
Q

What tick has red/brown legs, short mouthparts and is very active on the host?

A

Haemaphysalis longicornis

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9
Q

Who is bigger? Rhipicephalis australis or Haemaphysalis longicornis?

A

Rhipicephalus australis

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10
Q

Which tick/s have a cranial mouth part?

A

Ixodes holocyclus

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11
Q

Which tick/s have a ventral mouthpart?

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus
haemaphysalis longicornis
Rhipicephalus australis

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12
Q

Anaplasma marginal: is a:

A

Prokaryote

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13
Q

Diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale can be done through:

A

Blood smear

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14
Q

The vector for Anaplasma marginale is_____, and will cause______ in cattle.

A

Rhipicephalus australis

tick fever

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15
Q

Tick fever costs _____ annually to treat and control, and it is a _________ in NSW.

A

$175m

notifiable disease

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16
Q

Transmission of Anaplasma marginale:
______ feeds on infected host,
______ in the tick, and then enters the _____ _____ of the tick.

A

Tick
replicates
salivary gland

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17
Q

Babesia bigemina causes ____ ____ in _____. Any ____ that recover from infection are _______ for _______, but are _________ to reinfection.

A 
tick fever
cattle
cattle
infected
life
immune
18
Q

Babesia bigemina/bovis is transferred between cattle by _______ ________. Transmission occurs through a _______/_______ ingested from an infected cow. This develops into a ______ in ___-___ days. This then enters a new host via _____. Therefore to prevent transfer of B. bigemina/bovis, kill the tick within __ ______.

A 
Rhipicephalus australis
piroplasm/gamete
sporozoite
1
3
saliva
24 hours
19
Q

Symptoms of Babesia bigemina include (7):

A 
pyrexia
anorexia
haemoglobinuria
anaemia
jaundice
sudden death
weak
20
Q

‘Red water’ occurs more commonly with ____, and occurs only occasionally at later stages of infection in ____.

A

Babesia bigemina

Babesia bovis

21
Q

For effects of Babesia bigemina to be seen, there needs to be a parasitaemia of __-___%

A

10

30

22
Q

Babesia bovis is _____ than B. bigemina. Any ____ that recover from infection are _______ for _______, but are _________ to reinfection.

A 
smaller
cattle
infected
life
immune
23
Q

Babesia bovis causes ___% of all ____ _____ outbreaks, with the vector __________.

A

80
tick
fever
Rhipicephalus australis

24
Q

Symptoms of Babesia bovis are more _____ than B. bigemina and include (9):

A 
severe
pyrexia
increased RR
depression
anorexia
anaemia
neurological (incoordination, teeth grinding)
haemaglobinuria
abortion
decreased fertility
25
Q

For effects of Babesia bovis to be seen, there needs to be a parasitaemia of ___%, and this will cause _____.

A

<1

anaemia

26
Q

Immunity for vaccination against tick fever in cattle should be done in cattle ______ (age) due to _____ ______. However immunity from the vaccination takes __-__ weeks to develop, therefore animals should not be ____ during this time.

A 
<9 months old
innate immunity
3
4
moved
27
Q

To minimise tick fever outbreaks, animals should dipped _______ in the season, dipped with there are _____ ticks per _____, and paddocks should be_____.

A

early
>20
side
spelled

28
Q

Incubation period is ___-____ weeks after tick attachment. Production-wise, tick fever causes a ____ in ____ production, and decreased ______ success, a loss of _______, and a loss of access to _______ _______.

A 
2
3
decrease
milk
breeding
condition
export markets
29
Q

Treatment and control of tick fever include (6):

A 
quarantine
de-stocking
3-5 month pasture spelling
tick resistent cattle (Bos indicus)
tick treatments
attenuated tick fever vaccine
30
Q

Post mortem findings in a cow with tick fever include (9):

A 
intravascular haemolysis
icterus
swollen liver with pale colouration
enlarged gallbladder with thick, granular bile
enlarged dark, friable spleen
enlarged kidneys
oedema of lungs
petechiae on surface of heart and brain
31
Q

Babesia vogeli (protozoa) is ______ than Babesia gibsoni. It can be diagnosed with ____ _____ and _____ (more reliable). The vector of this is _________ _________, otherwise known as the ___ _____ _____.

A 
larger
blood smear
PCR
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
brown dog tick
32
Q

Babesia gibsoni is ____ _____ in Australia. It is transmitted by ____ _____. The symptoms are ____ ______ than Babesia vogeli and it is ____ to treat. The vector of B. gibsoni is _________ _________, otherwise known as the ___ _____ _____.

A 
extremely rare
dog bites
more severe
harder
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
brown dog tick
33
Q

Symptoms of Babesia vogeli are (4):

A

haemolytic anaemia
pyrexia
anorexia
depression

34
Q 
What tick/s is a 1 host tick? And how long does it spend on the host?
1 Ixodes holycyclus
2 Rhipicephalus sanguineus
3 Haemaphysalis longicornis
4 Rhipicephalus australis
A

4

3 weeks

35
Q 
What tick/s is a 3 host tick? 
1 Ixodes holycyclus
2 Rhipicephalus sanguineus
3 Haemaphysalis longicornis
4 Rhipicephalus australis
A

1
2
3

36
Q

Egg-laying by gravid female ticks occurs mid-____ to mid-_____, usually peaking around _____ ______

A

November
February
Summer solstice

37
Q

Tick saliva contains at least ___ chemicals that affect mammals’ ____ ______ and blood system. These include _____-binding proteins, anti-______, and ____ and ______ that increase vascular ________ by preventing _______ aggregation and __________.

A 
300
immune defences
histamine
coagulants
prostaglandins
esterases
permeability
platelet
vasoconstriction
38
Q

Rhipicelphalus australis has a distribution in____ and _____ regions, and is present in ______ and northern ___, therefore there is _______ to control movement into ___. It is thought that these ticks originally arrived in Australia on cattle from ___.

A 
tropical
sub tropical
Queensland
NSW
quarantine
NSW 
Indonesia
39
Q

what are the three blood parasites that can cause tick fever?

A

Babesia bigemina
Babesia bovis
Anaplasma marginale

40
Q

Babesia affect primarily ______, while Theileria affect both _______ and _______. However, Theileria is considered a _____ parasite, despite being found in all mainland states in Australia. It is an increasing concern when _____ cattle are introduced to ____ regions.

A 
erythrocytes
leukocytes
erythrocytes
benign
naiive
endemic

Cardiorespiratory module (6 decks)

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